Japan or China the Most Important Strategic Relationship for Australia Among the Major Asian Powers?

Is lacquer or main bolt down mainland mainland mainland mainland China the to the highest degree authorized strategicalal transactionhip for Australia among the study(ip) Asian powers? By Mej Amran B Mohamad RMAF Malaysian Armed Forces Defence College Haigate Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 12 Nov 2009 Author can be contacted at emailprotected com. au Introduction Australias credentials and place in without delay orbiculate system is sooner crucial which influence greatly her king to position and weeulating herself strategic eachy in the world(pre nary(prenominal)prenominal)einal) scenario especially in the Asia Pacific domain.As a nation with global touchs, Australia deals with many countries in many component parts and one of them is in Asian region. Australia doubtless and substantially engages hers interests in a entire range of aspects within the framework of the countries within this Asian region. Among the countries which ar influential in constitution Austr alias strategic and refutation indemnity within the Asia Pacific ring be China, japan and South Korea, spousal birth Korea and Association of South eastward Asian Nations (ASEAN) block countries.On the an early(a)(prenominal) hand pregnant Australian interests ar also engaged in Australias kins with the some other tells much(prenominal) as the European Union and its constituent states, and in the South Pacific, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. However the emerging of China and the influence of lacquerese among the study power and largest economies of the Asia-Pacific region has considerably demasculinize the region constancy lately.Many new factors and balancing pointers film emerged and its impacts can non be ignored in shaping Australia strategic kinship and its organic development of falsification constitution. Consequently new form of challenges cod emerged such(prenominal) as wedlock Korea nuclear proliferation issues and overlapping cl drawed territ ory in the South China sea to mention a few. As such advertently Australia motivatings to return and review back its strategic relationship between the so called major powers in Asia region like China and lacquer in ramble to look into its utile implementation of strategic milieu.Australia ingrainedly bring to ensure its protection, trading, investment, scotch, social postners towards the region occur to uphold and be beneficial to Australia in order to put out sustain and hold its combative advantage. Aim The aim of this paper is to examine and to look into some critical aspects of Australia strategic and defence reaction planning policy framework imperatives in order to decide whether China or lacquer is the most bitant strategic relationship for Australia among the major Asian powers. Australia Inter field dealingsIn its worldwide relations arena, Australia utilizes its assets such as scotch, strategic and cultural to uphold its global reputation as a res ponsible, constructive and practical field. It can be seen that the values which Australia brings to its multinational relations presently are the values of a liberal republic greatly influence by her American ally. Australia global politics undoubtedly give way been shaped by national experience and given brawn through with(predicate) cultural diversity of the country itself.Some of the Copernican imperatives embroil the rule of law, the account cogency of the government to an elected parliament, freedom of the press and a commitment to a fair go. Australia ranks eleventh in the demesne in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. For comparison, Australias main exporting destinations1, 2008 to Japan was 22. 7% 1 and China 15. 6% respectively. Australias main import sources, 2008 China 14. 6% and from Japan 9%. Australias self-renunciation potency is seem to be in truth(prenominal) significant in regional terms.Australia also has a broadly based trammel relat ionship with the United States, whose strategic betrothal and commitment underwrite the stability of eastward Asia as a integral. Australia Strategic Environment According Senator the Hon Robert Hill curate for falsification2 in 2005, he stressed out that providing the susceptibility to def death Australia and Australian interests persist ins the commencement responsibility of ruling government. Now lets us look into Australia strategic environment before discussing in depth by delineates the impact of globalization in relation to its strategic perspective.The Impact of globalization The world is undeniably experiencing arduous and rapid change. While the international world system is dynamic, globalization is accelerating the military campaign of ideas and technologies and advertently exposing Australia to a new strategic environment framework such as increase the interdependency between countries and made borders much porous, increased of the potency of the terrorist scourge, increase the daedality of the potential danger of WMD proliferation3.Globalisation has accelerated the trends which have a significant impact on credential policy matters, defense mechanism capability and decision-making due to increased unpredictability and misgiving the technology revolution has led to a diffusion of technology at a faster tempo, oddly in the areas of information and communications animated of asymmetric threats such as act of terrorism or WMD have reduced the value of defenses built around geographic advantage non-state players quite very much in some circumstances, constitute a strategic threat such as new form of transnational terrorist organisations, with no state allegiance and new types of weapons and tactics and borders as warrantor barriers are now much less effective to mention a few4. The interconnectedness of globalisation profoundly have widen and intensify their impacts.Defense Policy In general, Australias defense policy respons e to this environment comp put ons of two major elements5. The first is to shape and build a defense capability that is assorted and adaptable. Australia has and impart slip by to build a force that is joint, balanced, networked and deployable. Such a force hand overs options for a credible response wherever Australias protective covering interests are engaged. Secondly is to build strong security department relationships both globally and regionally. It must be able to lead and have the capacity to append to coalitions in region of interest such as the Asia region as per say. Australias trade protection InterestsAsia Pacific global issues have significant security implications for Australia. Generally the risk of global conflict diminished considerably with the end of the cool War, however other potential threats remain. Conflicts in Europe, the Middle atomic number 99 and South Asia regions have the potential to disrupt global security. To address this Australia need to f orm a strategic partnership with many countries in her global political engagements and of course within Asia Pacific Ring, Japan and China are the most important priority among the Asia regional major powers. Australias national security and its economic interests are i closericably linked to the security and stability of the Asia Pacific region.It can be seen that the key components of Australias security schema are maintaining a strong national defense capability, the security alliance with the United States, developing bilaterally symmetric defense and security relationships with the countries throughout the Asia Pacific, and change multilateral security links in the region, especially with the ASEAN Regional assembly (ARF). As such by continuously fostering strategic relationship with China and Japan are paramount. Regular bilateral security dialogues with countries in the Asia Pacific, and with key partners beyond the region, provide an opportunity to share views on a wide range of regional and global security issues, provoke foil and reinforce Australias commitment to working cooperatively with regional countries on security issues. Australia has increased the number of countries with which it has such dialogues, as part of its long-term strategy of promoting shared security perceptions in the Asia Pacific region.The ARF for example is an important means of encouraging a sense of strategic community in the region. It complements the central authority of bilateral links in dealing with global and regional security issues, and has an important role in encouraging regional encourage for international regimes against the proliferation of weapons of mass decease and their missile delivery systems. oneness of the features of the ARF in 2000 was the participation for the first cadence of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK). On the other hand Australia sees Japan as a strong proponent and strongly supports ASEAN countries economic growth by providing fiscal aids and assistance in terms of Official Development back up (ODA) for instance.Subsequently, Australia on the other hand has been very much part of the member of proveing to engage the DPRK more constructively with the regional and international community, including through an exchange of high-level visits. Australia announced the re-establishment of diplomatic relations with the DPRK in may 2000. Australia has made a major contribution to the significant progress in establishing international regimes to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and of missiles. Australias future reasons give be concentrated on ensuring that these regimes are implemented and remain effective and, where necessary, are strengthened.Australia is a strong proponent of encouraging adherence to the international regime banning the give, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel landmines. Australia is committed and relentlessly to don p ractical measures such as landmine clearance, victim assistance and mine clearance technology programs. So after looking inside the Australia needs, now lets us see what has China and Japan share in common and in what ways Australia can benefit more and have the edge by associating herself with the two countries strategically from my perspectives. One thing for sure is that Australia strategic relationships in the Asian region are becoming more complex and hold back to evolve. ChinaChinas increase political and strategic engagement with the Asia-Pacific region with its emerging economic profoundly has many significant impacts on the global economy as well as within the Asia region. Its increasing demand for resources is driving China expansion of economic activity culture in the Asia-Pacific region and also emerging as a significant technological centre for region. Hence, Chinas importance to Australia grows along with this development accordingly and it cannot be completely ig nored. Undoubtedly Australia sees Chinas relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region are critically important to the maintenance of regional peace, security and stability.According to Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007)6, Australias strategic responses would include Chinas relationship with East Asia, placing strong emphasis on the Korean Peninsula. In particular, Chinas relations with Japan and the United States play another zippy role in shaping the security context for the entire region. It is in Australias national interest alive(p)ly to encourage and support Chinese participation in dialogue and cooperation on regional security issues. As for example during 2000-01 the exchange of high-level visits started by the visit of Chinese prexy Jiang Zemin to Australia in late 1999 continued, with six Australian ministers and the Deputy Prime look visiting China.The investment and trading relationship between Australia and China is very encouraging and expanding. China today is Austra lias third largest merchandise trade partner. New opportunities for Australia are wide open when Chinas was current entry into the WTO, both in terms of greater market vex for Australian goods and services. Thus by encouraging China to integrate elevate into the global economy and abide by international trade rules, the role China played in advocating regional stability frame more pronounce.. Mutual economic and trade interests are increasingly underpinned by the fortify of broader bilateral ties including cultural, educational, scientific and people-to-people links.With different cultures and traditions, Australia and China do not perpetually share the same view, but regular dialogue and government-to-government exchanges have been set up on a range of issues from mankind rights to security issues in a bid to discuss differences of scene. The one-China policy will continue to be a wakeless element of the bilateral relationship within which Australia pursues important ec onomic and trade interests with Taiwan. The size, competitiveness and pace of growth of the Chinese economy will continue to be a dynamic influence on other Asia-Pacific economies. Hence its strategic influence will continue to grow and need to be carefully weighted by Australia in planning her defense policy in the region. Japan On the other hand Japan arms of influence cannot be simply being ignored.It must not be forgotten and by reminiscing on the past history of the qualification of Japanese expansion and World War II (WW II) and the remarkable effort of its quick phase to recover and become a developed country later to become the giant world economy just next to United States need not to be considered lightly. As such undoubtedly Japan occupies a alert strategic position in north-east Asia and continues to play a primary economic and political role in Asia Pacific immediate region. So, realizing this, Australia relentlessly works hard to encourage and continue endlessly for close dialogue with Japan on a wide range of political, economic, and strategic issues and the development, to the extent possible, of policies which are mutually reinforcing. Japan continues to be Australias major trading partner, accounting for some 16% by value of our total trade (exports plus imports) in 2000. It is a significant investor inAustralia and our largest source of in-bound tourism. The Japanese Government is taking more active role in regional and global security. It remain active in the war on terrorism. Japan increased its commitment to other part of the world such as Iraq, both financially and through the deployment of elements of the Japanese Self-Defense Force in non-combat roles. The Japanese Self-Defense contributions to peacekeeping effort are quite positive. On the other hand the strategic relationship with the United States continues to develop through increased interoperability, harmonization of Japanese and US capabilities and cooperation in missile def ense.Australias partnership with Japan reflects the broad conjugation of Australian and Japanese strategic, political and economic interests in the Asia-Pacific region. Like Australia, Japan supports the long-term strategic engagement of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region and recognizes the fundamental contribution that it makes to regional stability. Japan also shares our interest in advance the APEC forum as the primary vehicle for economic cooperation in the Asia Pacific region. The Australia-Japan Conference for the 21st Century was held in Sydney on 29 and 30 April 2001 to chart new directions strategic, economic, cultural, educational and scientific for the relationship.The Conference Declaration, The Sydney Declaration for Australia-Japan original Partnership, set out a comprehensive action schedule to strengthen economic relations, including through a trade and investment facilitation balance to expand dialogue and cooperation on security and to increase peo ple-to-people links. The Prime Ministers visit to Japan in August 2001 built farther on these links. The Factors Shaping Its Development and the Challenges to Be Met To Ensure Its Effective Implementation. In today dynamic environment more quite often the chastisement of existing international institutions to provide confidence in collective security arrangements has prompted an increasing resort to coalitions-of-the-willing to resolve issues of common concern. As such anticipating and encounter hallenges to Australias security trunk a demanding task. Some of the crucial factors shaping Australia defense planning in general include the war on terrorism, proliferation of nuclear weapons and weapon of mass destruction The war on terrorism continues unabated on many fronts. Successive terrorist attacks in NewYork, Washington, Jakarta, Bali, Madrid, London and elsewhere since 2001 have demonstrate clearly that no country is immune from experiencing the drubbing and horrors of non s tate actor such international terrorism. The threat of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has yet to be defeated as some states still seek to acquire a nuclear weapons capability.Longstanding issues, including those relating to the Middle East, North Korea, Iran and Taiwan, remain the subject of international tension. Many countries, including in the Asia-Pacific region, continue to struggle to realize the conditions they need for stable economic and political development. Issues of economic downturn, human trafficking, human migration, drugs smuggling, environmental issues, overlapping claimed, boundary disputes are among current issues that need to be emphasize and handle diplomatically and strategically. These imperatives are among many challenges faced by Australia. Analyse the Strengths and Limitations on Current Australian PolicyAustralia employs its defence capability as the most potent of the range of instruments in order to promote and support its security intere sts. Among Australia strength include having a formidable Australian Defence Forces (ADF) which is able to meet all these policy and strategic needs. The ADF is surefooted of operating as a networked, joint force across information, air, land and maritime domains. It also has the capability to operate in environments that are complex and ambiguous, and where adversaries, including non-state adversaries, have increasingly lethal capabilities. Through continuing modernization, it needs to keep capability edge over potential rivals by having the elements of versatility7. robustness8, jointness9 and integration10.At all times it must maintain high levels of preparedness as demonstrated by ADF personnel whom have been deployed in many trading operations, including those in East Timor, Bougainville, Afghanistan, the Middle East and Iraq, the Solomon Islands, and the Sudan to mention a few. Several of these operations have been concurrent. On the other hand, there have been continuing b order security tasks, natural disaster relief operations and contributions to long-running UN peacekeeping or peace-monitoring operations in the Sinai and elsewhere in the Middle East. Other role includes sustenance domestic security operations such as those for the Olympic Games and the democracy Heads of Government Meeting. Some of the constraints include growing cost pressures on the defense budget.This consequently affects the rising cost of state of the art military equipment, particularly capabilities essential for the ADFs capacity to develop and operate as a superior networked force. The other aspects is the recruitment and retention of an evermore technically qualified force amidst of a strong and growing economy, will surely become more challenging Thirdly is to ensure the most efficient use of resources posses a significant challenge to the ADF. Australia Strategic Alliance Priority to Chinese or Japan Australia security accord with Japan has been greeted with much st rife over Australias actions and intentions of containing China.These two Asian major powers have brought back the shadows of Cold War language of fundamental power relations and strategic arguing within the Asia region. However rivalry could be restricted to peaceful economic competition for economic resources. According to Jieh-Yung Lo11 (2007) China and Japan produce an environment of bi-polar Asia and putting Australia with the dilemma of balancing its national interests in the face of this strategic competition. All this while Japan has become a long time trusted partners in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan and Australia share a common interest in regional stability and prosperity. And today, Australia and Japan enjoy one of the most significant economic and strategic partnerships in Asia.As can be seen in July 2003 besides the latest security accord, Australia and Japan concluded a Trade and Economic Framework to set directions for the future development of the bilateral trade relationship. On the contrary Australia recognizes that both China and Japan are important to its foreign policy and defense policy in the region and shares a growing and thriving relationship with China and on the other side of the coin have a stable relationship with Japan. Australia is very clear where its interests lie and tends to see economics and security as give away issues. It welcomes Chinas growth, but cerebrates that Japan and the United States should remain influential players in regional affairs. 12 Conclusion From the discussion above it can be seen that it is essential for Australia to form up a formidable defense planning which must provide for both the needs of the present and the possibilities of the future into the uncharted territory. In my opinion thus Australia strategic alliance with Japan is most crucial and prioritized correspond to with China. It is based on many elements of shared values and interests between Japan and Australia. I cogently believed th e relationship will still remain the cornerstone of Australia strategic partnership in order to foster and enhance further regional security and stability in the Asian region.Bear in disposition that a countrys effectiveness and influence in international affairs is determined by a combination of tangible and intangible asset factors including its reputation, its geographic size and population, the size and success of its economy, its strategic culture and its defense capability. I can foresee that Australia will continue to work to support the Asia-Pacific region in addressing threats of terrorism, weapons proliferation and the challenge of failing states. In an ever more inter-related world, threats to our neighbours are threats to us among which include the threat of proliferation of WMD within the region and in supporting fragile and vulnerable states.Whether fighting terrorism, piracy, transnational crime, international drug syndicates or people smugglers, effective defense p olicy remains a key tool of the Australian Government. As such it is importantly and uniquely for Australia to form up a smart partnership and strategic alliance with another countries in this case among one of the major powers in Asia region the most important is Japan if compare to China. In grammatical construction war fighting capacity to respond to possible future threats, undoubtedly the right defense policy framework will still remains the primary instrument of the Australian Government and will therefore continue to have a central role to play in defend and assuring Australias national goals of a peaceful, stable and increasingly light region.However China as an emerging economic power with it celebrated of its military might of course also play a vital role in destabilize the East Asian region and have great influence on the North Koreas and its proliferation nuclear issues cannot be totally ignored. I strongly believe that that a good ongoing relationship with Austral ia-China is still very useful and Australia need to diligently and willingly maintain a role in influencing China to a certain extent. on that point is evident in Australias growing economic and political relationship with China in terms of trade and regional affairs. 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RSIS Commentaries, 24 April 09 http//www3. ntu. edu. sg/rsis/publications/Perspective/RS IS0402009. pdf Australias bilateral relationships can be found at http//www. dfat. gov. au/geo/fs peculiar(prenominal) trade and investment information see http//www. dfat. gov. au/ And http//www. tradewatch. dfat. gov. au East Asian Analytical Unit http//www. dfat. gov. u/publications/catalogue/pub_bycountry. html DFAT statistical publications see http//www. dfat. gov. au/publications/index. html Australias international treaty commitments http//www. austlii. edu. au/au/other/dfat Australias human rights policy e http//www. dfat. gov. au/hr Australias international environmental activities http//www. dfat. gov. au/environment Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), http//www. ausaid. gov. au. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, http//www. aciar. gov. au Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation Office, http//www. asno. dfat. gov. au Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), http//www. austrade. ov. au merchandise Finance and Insurance Corp oration (EFIC), http//www. efic. gov. au/ 1 Fact Sheet, Market selective information and Research Section, DFAT, http//www. dfat. gov. au/geo/fs (dated 4 Sept 09) 2 Australias National Security, A Defence Update 2005, Australia Department Of Defense , pp. v 3 Ibid pp. 5 4 Ibid pp. 2-4 5 Ibid pp 12 6 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? go out 4 Dec 2007 7 Versatility represents the capacity to perform a range of different roles, often concurrently. Australias National Security, A Defense Update 2005, Australia Department Of Defense pp. 9 8 Robustness is indicated by depth in resources and personnel and is an essential quality if the ADF is to retain the ability to sustain operations for lengthy periods. Ibid pp. 20 9 Jointnes refers to responds to the challenge of ensuring that all service elements operate together in ways that make a truly joint force. Ibid pp. 20 10 Integration represents the ability to network weapons platforms and capabil ities to strengthen their effectiveness as part of a whole force. Ibid pp. 20 11 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? Dated 4 Dec 2007. 12 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? Dated 4 Dec 2007