Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Essay

psychological science lot be described as examination of ideas, a priori feeling, and the way al roughly peerless thinks and uses his or her wits be it physical, psychical, or cognitive. perverted psychological science is ideas or conduct causation the individual troubles. The deficiency whitethorn be sadness, potential fight, or backbreakingly uncomfortableness in the individuals quotidian life. Mental disorders or psychogenic disease ar practices not in piecewide associated with a individual. A number of these disorders understructure harm another(prenominal)s or the aneness who is battling with the disorder. There be a number of therapies for these disorders and atomic number 18 polar in each case. A closer quality and contrast of radiation diagram and ab typical psychology is need along with genial overturn and psychic disease from a psychology position polishing off by way of a hold off at unlike therapies useful for conventionalism and ab normal psyc hology. brachydactylous and Normal psychology ar likewise, as well as the ii look into behaviors, and because of individuals different cultures and beliefs some behaviors are normal. Then again much they could be different for the behavior is not re all toldy typical or something out the ordinary. To know the difference amongst normal and abnormal psychology processs with acknowledging mental disturbance from a psychological perspective. To help illustrate our judge on abnormal psychology, this section fork up compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. Normal psychology concentrees on the different slipway different people see life and want to live life, rather than relying on globalizations made around whole populations of people.See moreMark matchs Humorous Satire in Running for Governor riseThese generalizations can often do harm because without proper consideration they can often imply norm of behavior inimical to a individuals existence. A normal p sychology in this way doesnt imply a perfect individual existence, nor that there arent all pathologies. Abnormal-is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and sight, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions, employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere, and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by abnormal.Mental disorders and mental illnessesThis next section will see mental disorders and mental illnesses from the perspective of psychology. Adjustment disorders of mental disorders is related to an distinctive source of stress that causes significant emotional and behavioral symptoms. Anxiety disorders are those that are characterized by excessive and abnormal apprehension, worry and worry. In one recent survey published in the Archives of General Psychology 1, it was estimated that as ma ny as 18% of American adults suffer from at least one anxiety disorder. Cognitive disorders are psychological disorders that request cognitive abilities such as memory, problem solving and perception. Some anxiety disorders, mood disorders and psychotic disorders are classified as cognitive disorders. Alzheimers diseaseDeliriumDementiaAmnesiaTherapiesPsychotherapy is a general term that is used to describe the process of treating psychological disorders and mental distress. During this process, a trained psycho healer helps the thickening tackle a specific or general problem such as a particular mental illness or a source of life stress. Depending on the feeler used by the therapist, a wide range of techniques and strategies can be used. However, almost all sheaths of psychotherapeutics involve developing a remedial relationship, communicating and creating a dialogue and working to overcome problematic thoughts or behaviors. Psychoanalytic An show up to therapy that involved delving into a tolerant thoughts and late(prenominal) experiences to seek out unconscious(p) desires or fantasies.Cognitive-behavioral A type of psychotherapy that involves cognitive and behavioral techniques to change negative thoughts and maladaptive behaviors. humanistic A reverberate of therapy that focuses on helping people maximize their potential.Medical therapy for mental disturbance and sicknesses change between each philosophical system. The earlier style of psychotherapy were the psychodynamic therapies. Psychodynamic therapy tries to change personality practices through perceptiveness and the therapist- affected role relationship (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Inside this subsection of therapy dwell the proficiencies of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy. These particular therapies ask the patient to lie on a sofa or sit opposite with a therapist and talk about what one thinks of, a technique known as free association. The cardinal most adept humanitarian therapies are Gestalt therapy and the guest bear on therapy.Gestalt therapy is somewhat like psychodynamic psychotherapy. The most customaryly known technique of the therapy is the empty chair technique. Through this method the patient exercises emotional side by opthalmicizing that the individual him or her wants to converse with is in the chair. The second humanistic therapy is the client centered therapy. Through this technique the therapist exhibits an position of climb credence for the patient by listening emphatically. Therapeutic change occurs as the patient hears his or her own thoughts or feelings reflected by the nonjudgmental listener. codaThere are a number of therapies for these disorders and are different in each case. Abnormal and Normal Psychology are likewise, also the two look into behaviors, and because of individuals different cultures and beliefs, some behaviors are normal. Lastly, normal and abnormal look into behavior, this behavior may be causing the ind ividual troubles, confrontation, or simply uncomfortableness in daily life. Mental disorders including schizophrenia and Obsessive irresponsible disorder can harm others or the individual battling with them. Mental illnesses arrest of perturbations of mentation, experience, and emotion cause operative disability making it very hard to nurture relationships, keep a job, and can lead to suicide. Treatment will change with regards to the form of disorder a individual has and the individuals commitment to look for assistance with a therapist.ReferencesKowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2009). Psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Nami ( National Alliance on Mental Illnesses, http//www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Mental_Illnesses/Depression/Mental_Illnesses_What_is_Depression.htm retrieved celestial latitude 01, 2012.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-illness/ retrieved December 01, 2012.www.uidaho.edu/psych101/abnormal6.pdf. Retrieved December 02, 2012Wood, S. E., & Wood, E. R. The World of Psychology. Boston, MA A Pearson Education Company. Page 538Abnormal Psychology and Therapy EssayTeresa Neal Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper In a world where nothing seems to be considered normal anymore, psychology tries to draw the line between what it is and what is not. The different schools of thought have their own perspective on the definition, origin, and interposition of abnormal behavior and this paper will cover a few, exhausting to make it possible to have a clear difference between normal and abnormal psychology. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Specifically delineate behavior as normal or abnormal is a disputatious issue in abnormal psychology.To try to distinguish between normal psychology and abnormal psychology, psychologists use three criteria whatever is infrequent, maladaptive, and deviant from the heathenish norm, falls under the category of abnormal behavior (Spoor, 1999). Mental health, also known as nor mal psychology, and mental illnesses and disorders, also known as abnormal psychology, have been defined in many ways, but should eternally be viewed in the context of ethnocultural factors and influence because what is considered normal in some ringss may be considered abnormal in others.A person with a normal behavior and mental processes has the ability to adapt and cope with adversity, has a correct perception of reality, accepts self, avoids harm, and experiences continual psychological growth and development (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Abnormal psychology, on the other hand, is characterized by unusual patterns that some people index acquaint in their behavior, thought process, and expression of emotion, patterns that are associated with distress or disability and can cause harm and an unreasonable response to a particular situation.Mental Disorders Daily functions such as the ability to think, read, remember, plan, and run into rely on an individuals cognitive skills (Me dalia & Revheim, 2002). Cognitive disorders are disorders of thinking or memory that signify an evident change from the personal former take of functioning. In certain situations the exact origin of the disorder can be identified, other cases the cause is unclear.Even though these disorders are biologically founded, the environment and psychological factors play significant functions in shaping the effect and outcome of disabling symptoms in addition to the personal capacity to deal with them. (Nevid, et a. 2008). The most common cognitive disorders are amnestic, delirium, and frenzy disorders. Amnestic disorders are a cognitive impairment relating a mishap to develop new memories and the failure to remember old memories.Delirium is a severe, and reversible state of mental disorder, which involves confusion, and the lack of ability to focus on information or the surrounding environment. Individuals that suffer from delirium may suffer frightening hallucinations, particularly vi sual hallucinations. The divergence of memory and understanding ordinarily associated with behavior and personality changes describes craziness disorders. Different forms of dementia exist, depending on the cause therefore some types of dementia may be reversed with treatment.For example those cases that are caused by spirit tumors. Dementia caused by the disease Alzheimers cannot be reversed (Nevid, et al. 2008). On a personal note these patients are backbreaking, they have to watch be continually as they can do harm to themselves and others. Mental Illnesses Although diagnoses of attention deficit disorder are based on behavioral symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, examine suggests that children with minimal brain dysfunction also show important cognitive weaknesses in areas that are necessary to daily functioning at home work and school. curiously research studies indicate that children with ADHD often have problems in administrator functions (for e xample, planning a project, keeping attentive to a task, ignoring irrelevant information) work memory (which is often considered an executive function) velocity of information processing (children with ADHD process information more slowly than their peers) Many of these cognitive processes are often interrelated. For example problems in working memory can negatively affect other executive functions, or slow processing speed may lower an individuals ability to recall and mastermind information. ttp//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15499890 From the cognitive perspective, theorists suggest that a person diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorders suffer from afflicted information-processing. The impairment is present in defined categories and boundaries that are maladaptive and closure in an over-structuring of input but there is no evidence to show that this is the cause, rather than a consequence of OCD symptoms. Another cognitive theory suggests that OCD fear structures are es pecially various and a large number of stimuli can become associated with threat or danger.Passive avoidance of such a large number of stimulus associations can be extremely difficult and compulsions become necessary for the individual to feel safe. Although cognitive theories do provide insight into the outward aspect of OCD, they fail to clearly define how and wherefore OCD and this cognitive impairment can arise. Similarities between the Schools of Thought There are quite a few similarities between the different schools of thought in treating mental disorders.All but the Psychodynamic therapies are short term ordinarily lasting a year or less and most all therapies have the client or patient facing the therapist and are conversational. All therapies also look to help the client or patient change behaviors or thought patterns that are causing problems of one frame or another. Cognitive-Behavioral therapies help patients with behavior and cognitive problems. The therapist helps the patient focus on the problematic behavior and helps him or her find ways in which to address these behaviors and learn skills to change them.These therapies use a variety of techniques to help patients with phobias, social skills, accomplishing goals, anxiety disorders, and the like. Psychodynamic therapies both examine the patients thought patterns to get to the bottom of the undesired behavior or emotional responses. Humanistic therapies including Gestalt and Client-Centered therapies focus on the patients feelings and to experience themselves as they sincerely are. Family, Marital, and Group therapies use group communication either one- on-one or in a group to help with problematic relationships and behaviors.Self-help groups are another type of group therapy that aims to help people either cope with undesired behavior, loss of a loved one, addictions, and disease. (Kowalski, 2009) The common thread here with most therapies, the approach is a warm relationship with the ther apist who shows empathy for the patient or client and giving him or her hope or efficacy in make out with their problem (Kowalski, 2009) Differences between the Schools of Thought While each school of thought has common factors in treatment methods, each school has developed different ways of addressing psychological problem.For instance, Psychodynamic therapies rely on two principles the role of insight and the role of the therapist-patient relationship (Kowalski & Western, 2009). It is believed that in order for therapeutic change to occur, a person must understand his or her own psychological processes. When in therapy it is one on one the patient is either face to face with the therapist or lying on a couch with the therapist seance behind them. Psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the notion that the patients problems stemmed from childhood.These problems follow the child into adulthood causing a conflict within new relationships. This transfer of emotion from past experiences i s called transference, one of the techniques psychotherapies rely on. The two main treatments, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, are a long term process that focuses on developing awareness of these unconscious feelings. Psychodynamic therapy, like psychoanalysis, consists of three days a week over a long period of time. It is considered that patients who meet at least twice hebdomadal benefit more than those who do not.Unlike psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on the persons life as it is now the current and conscious thought patterns and behavior. They are not concerned with exploring and mending underlying personality patterns or unconscious processes (Kowalski & Western,2009). The focus is on the present feelings and not the childhood experiences. Cognitive-based therapies are comparatively short term and direct. Specific recommendations are made to bring about change in behavior.The sessions are well structured with questioning, and the patient usually is sent home with an assignment (Mote, 2011). While most cognitive behavioral techniques try to alter behavior, such as classical conditioning, cognitive therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional cognitions (Kowalski & Western, 2009). These behaviors are automatic, and not unconscious. Therapy is a process of identifying and altering these automatic thoughts. Cognitive therapy techniques such as rational-emotional behavior therapy recognize the behaviors and works to mediate between the activating conditions and the emotional reactions.As each of the other therapies are more therapist-patient, Humanistic therapies focus on the world of the patient and qualities that make him or her unique (Mote, 2011). The therapy techniques that are used, Gestalt therapy and Rogers client centered therapy, are primarily based on becoming aware of ones own emotions, values, and motivations to bring about change. With group therapy, the individuals are strong on the individual dynam ics and their reactions in the group process. Family therapy is centered on the structure of the family, and the main roots of conflict in family interaction.