Drink-at-Home, Inc Essay

CASE 2 DRINK-AT-HOME, INC. Drink-At-Home, Inc. (DAH, Inc. ), develops, processes, and commercialises mixes to be used in nonalcoholic cocktails and tangled drinks for home consumption. Mrs. Lee, who is in charge of enquiry and increment at DAH, Inc. , this forenoon notified Mr. Dick Jones, the president, that exciting developments in the research and development section aim that a saucily beverage, an instant pina colada, should be possible because of a clean way to process and preserve coconut. Mrs. Lee is inspireing a major political program to develop the pina colada.She estimates that expenditure on the development may be as much as $100,000 and that as much as a classs work may be required. In the discussion with Mr. Jones, she indicated that she design the possibility of her outstanding people successfully developing such a drink now that shed done all the really authorized work was in the neighborhood of 90 portion. She also felt that the likeliness of a competing company developing a similar product in 12 months was 80 percent. Mr. Jones is strictly a bottom line make fun and is concerned about the sales volume of such a beverage. Consequently, Mr. Jones talked to Mr.Besnette, his commercialise research manager, whose specialty is new product evaluation, and was advised that a market existed for an instant pina colada, but was some-what dependent on acceptance by some(prenominal) grocery stores and retail liquor stores. Mr. Besnette also indicated that the sales reports indicate that early(a) firms are considering a line of tropical drinks. If other firms should develop a competing beverage the market would, of course, be split among them. Mr. Jones pressed Mr. Besnette to make hereafter sales estimates for various possibilities and to indicate the present (discounted value of future profits) value.Mr. Besnette provided plank 1. Mr. Besnettes figures did not include (1) constitute of research and development, (2) cost of new producti on equipment, or (3) cost of introducing the pina colada. The cost of the new production equipment is pass judgment to be $ 100,000 because of the special way the coconut needs to be handled, and the cost of introducing the new product is judge to be about $150,000 because of the point-of purchase displays that would be necessary to introduce the new product. Mrs. Lee has indicated that she does have alternative development proposals, which are 1.A reduced research program to get wind person else comes out with the product first and if not, then uphold with a break in program. The reduced program for the first eight months would cost $10,000 per month. One favor of this is that if the effort was unsuccessful, then development costs would be held to the eight-month figure (8 months ? $ 10,000 = $80,000). The likelihood of success under this approach is the same as the more nifty development. (The likelihood of a competing company developing a product in 8 months is 60 percent .)The dismantle development program would take break through in months 9 through 12 and would cost an additional $60,000. It would proceed only if the eight-month study guaranteed a success. 2. Use a reduced research program and maintain an awareness of industry developments to see if someone else develops a product. If someone else has developed a product at the end of half-dozen months, it would cost only an additional $30,000 to analyze their product and duplicate it. The reduced development program would cost $10,000 per month. Mr.Besnette, being the great marketer that he is, is of course reluctant to be second on the market with a new product. He says that the first product on the market exit usually obtain a greater share of the market, and it will be difficult to win those customers back. Consequently, he indicates that only about 50 percent of the sales that he indicated in Table 1 could be expected if Drink-at-Home waited until competing brands were already on the mark et. Moreover, he suspects that there is only a 50/50 chance that the competitor will be out with a product within the next six months.There are quadruplet options (1) orderly development of the pina colada, (2) modest development effort followed by the crash program, (3) a modest development effort for the first six months to see if a competitive product comes on the market, and (4) do nothing. TABLE 1. sales and Profit Potentials Consumer Acceptance Substantial Moderate Low (Sales Potential) Probability chip in Values 0. 10 0. 60 0. 30 (Discounted Value of Future Profits) $800,000 $600,000 $500,000 What would you recommend? Show all supporting solutions/computations. Source http//wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_ge_render_qam_11/202/51952/13299854. cw/content/index. html.

Philosophy essay Essay

The nature of inquiry is not wizard that is uncommon to the human race. From the real generator of school of thought, the term for the love of wisdom, individuals have spent myriad hours contemplating the most essential and critical social functions before them. These individuals have made authentic attempts to explain reasoning behind the functioning of earthly matters, and by integrity of their study, they have come to be cognise as philosophers. While non-homogeneous philosophers have contri justed to significant revelations and theories, the main pre-socratic philosophical movements were of ancient Greek origin and be attri exclusivelyed to the following philosophersThales, Anaximander, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Parmenides. Born in Miletus, Thales was discontent with the customs dutyal stories of enchantment known as myths. Aristotle contributed the fact that he saw him as the actu whollyy first philosopher, which a very common printing in the unfermented-made world. His major contributions were his flavors that the bowel movement and element of every(prenominal) things is water, and that every things ar diligent with divinity fudges. The impressive matter is that Thales recognized that there is only one grouchy base for solely things and that it was a inseparablely occurring substance that was very actual and real.While there is not much information on Thales, it is speculated that he chose water because of its diversity and physical characteristics that allow for it to prevail in liquid, solid, and vaporish forms. As for his second contribution, the Greeks were firm believers of the immortality of the gods and their occupation in the lives of the humans and the natural world. Therefore, it would not be unusual for them to 2 reside in all things present on the earth. Thales very truly was the very first philosopher as he began the search for the answer to why things happen as they do.The Greek nature was not one to simply ac cept Thales propositions, but quite a they focused on refuting it and providing other alternatives. Anaximander provided his own input on the matter with a theoretical proposition. He claims, that a system is in place, in which the Boundless is the infinite source of all, and it is the beginning- there was definitively nothing before it. The tell apart feature of the Boundless is the immortality that it possesses, and further, it encompasses all things and steers all things. This concept of resolute envelopment is seen again in the New Testament, where it is reinforced that God is in all things.The Boundless is neither one thing, nor another, but rather, it keep abreasts its own distinctive persona, and from it came all other things. Anaximander contributed many more developments, but they were all later be incorrect. However, he does also state that existing things make reparation to one another for their injustice according to the ordinance of time. This suggests that a bal ance in nature must be properly observed. A hot summertime must be counteracted with a cold winter, and so the seasons encroach on the rights as a result of the others and serve them injustice, butreparation is seen at the turn of the seasons. The developments made by Anaximander contradict what was then the Homeric tradition and essentially spurred a cultural crisis as the Greeks were unable to choose amidst the side of logic or that of myth and legend. A man known as Xenophanes came to the scene of philosophical inquiry when he clearly state the religious implications of the new ideas of philosophy- a concept strictly avoided by most before him. He begins to critique the very nature of the gods, with the belief that it is calamitous to portray them as no better than humans.While Xenophanes was not a disbeliever, he firmly believed in the presence of one god that reigned to a higher place all and was very different from 3 mortals in both corpse and mind. Xenophanes denies asso ciation with the gods through inspiration (i. e. muses) and any proposed revelation does not inevitably guarantee truth. He does, however, push us to format out believes by constantly seeking, so far though he does not explain how. The belief is that over time, the continuous seeking will give to better opinions that may eventually be very near truth.He does not get over that there is the potential that some truth is known, butsimply that there is no such thing as certainty without definitive proof. He goes into the matter that there is a scale of truth, and unbeknownst to us, there is no way to tell on which side our supposed revelations lay. Xenophanes contributes a new direction for thought. The questioning that he provides, in fact, questions its very own self, which is the primer coat of epistemology, or the theory of knowledge. Lastly, he provides his belief that only the one god knows the absolute basis and value of the truth, and while we may seek it out, because we are inferior, we cannot know for sure.Known to the Romans as Heraclitus the obscure this philosopher often wrote in abstruse riddles. One of his famous thoughts is All things come into being through opposition, and that all are in flux, like a river. The major bit that he provides is that reality in itself is a flux. It is possible to step many generation into the equal river, but it will never exactly be the same as the waters will be different. He postulates that all things are then in flux and are ever-changing, even though they maintain a constant identity over the change. Further, the opposition is necessary to cause events to occur.A lyre will only play music if tension is pushed onto its strings. What makes a river is the force of the water that constantly runs through it, for without this force, there would be no river. It can be said that Heraclitus was an optimist as he believe that the changes in the world are not chaotic, but are structured by an order that is divine in nature, and therefore, it is good and beautiful. He stresses the presence of countersign, and his belief 4 that those who are intelligent listen to it, while many who do not and are foolish. The many miss this because they fail to recognize the logos that is present in everyday life.Unlike his predecessors in philosophy, Parmenides was not Ionian, but instead from Elea. He wrote a complicated metaphysical poem in which he decrees that the content was revealed to him by divine powers. In his poem, an list is provided, but rather than to accept it, it beckons one to judge it instead, which makes it philosophical in nature. His argument is divided between the Way of Truth and the Way of Opinion. Interestingly, he makes the bode that you cannot think nothing. When you think, you think of what is, so you cannot think of something that is not, since nothing cannot be something.Parmenides urges community to follow reason, and reason alone. Therefore, he holds the title of the very f irst rationalist philosopher. Additionally, he believes that all that exists, exists all at once. By existing at once, it evades the concept of being what is not, because that which is not is inconceivable and cannot be thought about. Since the fathering of philosophy by Thales, the developments and inquisitions made by astounding men grew strongly throughout the Pre-Socratic era, and then progressively even more into the more current era. The most significant early men that helped philosophy take its very grow were Thales, Anaximander, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Parmenides.Collectively, these men brought into question the very essential questions of philosophy that are even still argued and debated furiously over in the modern world. 5 Melchert, Norman. The groovy Conversation A Historical Introduction to Philosophy. New York Oxford UP, 2011. Print. Parmenides. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. . Presocratics. SparkNotes. SparkNotes. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

Management Future: Water Management

corporal pee worry stake for corporations luck for consultancy helpers Student Number 440008 University of Portsmouth word ascertain 2646 (excluded figures, table of contents, references and executive summary) This is to verify that this is my own work and that it has not been physical exercise in get off the ground in the assessment of separate units in my full stop *********************** Executive summary peeing scarcity volition be a zippy resource for disdain in the prox. In a invoice in 2008, it is indicated that piss deductions to UK accounted for 62% practical(prenominal) irrigate consumption (Chapagain & adenylic acid Stuart, 2008) .It is predicted that the custom of pee in horticulture depart rise 30% in 2025 (Black, 2010) and weewee approachability per capita has reduced by 5 times comp be to statistic in 1950 (UNDP) . In correlation with the tonus-down in pissing bring, at that place has been signifi tint increase in societal sol icitudes and customer attitudes toward environmental hassles (Top of object Survey, 2010) . The urine jounceions on individuals, corporations, and communities vex been realized and heighten magnitudely rival near oer the same menses. piddle memorials, piss supply- focussings argon identifiable practices which atomic number 18 introduced for pieceity and private sectors (WWF, 2009 IBM, 2008) . However, despite the upholds of irrigate issues, the business responses to the difficultys take a crap been equitable weak (Barton, 2010) . At the same time, consultancy market has been indicated as a potential drop field of investment ( addition 4). Triangulation of lines selective information apprizes a potential market for consultancy service of urine focus.The condition highlighted the business opportunities and profitability that it could bring which include improve knowledge of weewee supply chain to reduce environmental impact which is an essential v alue for business, understanding of peeing footmarks practices hence improving CSR. It overly proposed the secure(prenominal) competitive run as beginning base uppercase requirements and uniqueness of the services. However, it is predicted to have a reducing market share for the future. kickoff barrier of entries and the dearth in human-resource might be the main ressures. In tack together to picture this business opportunities, different sets of strategic and market analytical frameworks have been exercised aligning with discussion throughout the article. Contents 1 gate4 2 Methodology4 3 Trends information tie in to pee wariness5 3. 1 water supply a precisely resource5 3. 2 Escalating concern for social function7 4 Connections mingled with trends8 5 Future prediction8 5. 1 wet scarcity a worsening trend8 5. 2 Demand for CSR trend10 6 Opportunity evaluation and justification 11 Conclusion12 References13 Appendices16 Appendix 1 irrigate evince map and Population density16 Appendix 2 Water and Water pace17 Appendix 3 eyeshot survey on mode changes (ONS, 2010)18 Appendix 4 Business Opportunity compend20 1 Introduction Companies have been focuse on green washing their images with environmental activities concern with fossil fuels, emission, nose candy paces, etc. But an more or less early(a)wise major ex angstromle has been long omitted in this country however is water and water usage throughout the supply chain of the business.It is critical to understand that consumptions of goods and services draw tremendous role in water delivery on a globose scale (Ercin, Aldaya, & angstrom unit Hoekstra, 2009) . For the equality and sustainability in the future growth, bust knowledge and insights to water guidance are required for businesses in order to achieve its CSR goals. Environmental consultancy services and business advisories, with timely response can play a proactive part in encouraging, promoting, and provid ing water management services for businesses in the near future.The service forget focus on aligning economic growth of sustainability with water preservation and another(prenominal) think-environmental problems in the business. The consultancy can besides provide traceability service and educate traceability managers (Wylie, 2010) who can examines global supply chain through imports, merchandises, setting water standards, water remains reporting, etc. The potential customers are massively wide-ranged from private companies to multinational companies as well as regime and non-government agencies. Justification of business opportunity pass on be carried out in the last section along with the conclusion.The close section entrust briefly describe the re search method actingology of the believe and key trends related. 2 Methodology For this project, secondary data is used as the main source. Chris defined secondary sources as data which has been collected previously and reported by other citizenry (2005). The secondary data are fact and figures from different environmental electronic source including United ground (UN) website, Water Footprint Network (WFN) website and military position of National Statistic (ONS) website. Data just almost water footprint, CSR is from professional reports, and journal articles.Statistical and qualitative data gathered is the vital foundation to discussions of the business and triangulation of trends and figures. In fact, the major advantage of secondary data is its readiness for collection, extensive amount of empirical research are functional in qualitative and quantitative forms from various sources. Secondary data are decoded and explained so that they are understandable and easy to read (Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2009, pp. 195 200) . Secondly, it is cut-price with information which cannot be easily obtained individually.However, limitations of secondary data are also considered. Secondary data are collected and analyzed for different purposes and and so general and irrelevant to the topic of the project. Furtherto a greater extent, data used in the research are collected variably thus its quality and reliability must be questioned (Francis & Wesley, 1963) . Primary data collection could be utilitarian tho result be costly and time-consuming for the project (Chris, 2005, p. 107) . Appendices provided statistics related to water footprint, opinion survey about climate change and other water-related data. Some of the figures and table ordain be irectly put into the content of the article for better explanation to viewer. There are a lot of strategic and marketing analytical frameworks have been used which are PESTEL analysis, Porters five forces, Longeneckers opportunity recognition criteria (Appendix 4). 3 Trends data related to Water management There are two main trends which are connected and interrelated to the business opportunity. There are also sub-trends d iscussed inside each of the category to further analysis. 3. 1 Water a scarce resource The Earth cannot withstand a systematic increase of sensible things.If we grow by victimization more stuff, Im afraid wed better incite looking for a new planet. (Spoken by Robert Shapiro) a) Water shortage Nowadays, problems with water have been a rising controversy for humanity. World usages of water have been quadrupled to 4000 km3 per years while world has growth 3 times in 60 years (figure 1). Major contribution for the increase is agriculture and a increase figure on industry and municipal water use. approach pattern 1 Estimated Annual water use of the world (Kirby, 2004) According to UN estimates, more than half of the worlds population now lives in cities (BBC News, 2008) .Population density map (Appendix 1) of UK shows an inextricable link of urban areas with water stress map (Appendix 2. 4). World supply of portable water declines, the density of population in urbanized area i ncreases the inefficiency of water supplies and continuingly enlarges water problems (Cetron amp Davis, 2008) . Human activities include industry, domestic use, etc which could call for the water supply as well as other trends much(prenominal) as globalization and industrialization. (International Year of Fresh Water 2003) b) Water management UK Case The amount of water used to explicate feed and goods merchandise by develop countries such as UK is worsening water shortages in the developing world (Black, 2010) In the case of UK, import goods from other countries are contributing to the water shortage in other nations. According to Chapagain amp Stuart (2008), 62% of the total water in the UK is accounted for by water from other countries, while 38% is used from domestic water resources (Appendix 2. 1) Previous data shows that water consumed by UK residents are averagely 152 litres per days from 1995 to 2008(Appendix 2. ). Nevertheless, the amount of water indirectly embed ded in consumption are massively larger. Embedded water in 1kg of beef are 15000 litres while 1 chunk of give up are 2500 litres hence with this calculation UK consumers only see 3% of water usages they are accountable for (Black, 2010). From 1995 to 2001, 70% of water source are from import goods while 30% water of UK usage are self-generated (Appendix 2. 2). With the increasing trend of usage of importing water, water exhaustion provide add up for the rest of the world. 3. 2 Escalating concern for social duty ) Demand for social responsibility from customers and society. Consumers and society are growingly concern about climate and environmental issues. In an opinion survey of ONS, the number of UK residents who are worried about climate changes and environment is over 80% constantly from 2006 to 2009, 30% of commonwealth seriously concern about environmental problems (Appendix 3. 3). Nevertheless, the percentage believes environmental impacts to be top three priorities decli ned from 2007 to 2009 of 9% (Appendix 3. 1). This may due to a recession which introduced major economic problems during the period thus shifted societys attention.On the other hand, 82% of respondents are ready to change their behaviour to reduce climate changes consequences (Appendix 3. 3). b) Water CSR responses for Business sustainability For businesses, CSR has been ranked 3rd in 2009 and 2nd in 2010 as concerning issues for consumer goods industry (Top of Mind Survey, 2010) . Friedman (2007) also set in his article a strong link between good CSR and profitability of the firm. However, disclosures of collective water performance from different sectors are astonishingly weak.From a benchmarking study of nose candy companies (Barton, 2010) which examine water performance disclosure quality with a score range from 0 to 100 points, there is no company surpasses 43 points and the average highest score are achieved in mining sector with only 28 points (figure 2). Figure 2 m ean(a) score by sector of water disclosure quality from 100 companies (Barton, 2010) 4 Connections between trends Water shortage and water-related stresses put corporations into potential problems. new-made reports of WWF and WFN (Or, Cartwight, amp Tickner, 2008 Hoekstra A. Y. 2008) has identified four type of gamble of infection related to water issues that business could possibly event * Physical risk The shortage of water in the future will be a major problem for businesses. * Reputational risk Disclosure, quality of disclosre, and other water CSR issues may be questioned by public thus damaging companys image. * Regulatory risk As water shortage is a global trend, government will introduce more uncompromising policies and regulations on water resources. * Financial risk The consequences of the above will be increase in cost/decrease in revenue. (Or, Cartwight, amp Tickner, 2008)For CSR of water, Gerben Leenes amp Hoekstra, (2008) presented the business water footprint as total overbold water used directly and indirectly in a production process of a business. It categorized as 2 major type operational water footprints which are water used directly in the operation and supply chain water footprint which are used indirectly. Barton, (2010) implies that reduction of water footprint should be part of business environment approach along with other methods like carbon footprints. International trade and business activities has a close link with local anesthetic water depletion and pollution (Hoekstra amp Chapagain, 2008, p. 8) . 5 Future prediction 5. 1 Water scarcity a worsening trend Forecasts suggest that when the worlds population soars beyond 8bn in 20 years time, the global demand for food and energy will jump by 50%, with the aim for fresh water rising by 30%. (Black, 2010) Human activities especially agriculture will incessantly put pressures on water supply (figure 3). temper change and population growth will burden agriculture to pro duce more which increase the demand for water while industry consumption of water will reduce as technology increases.Figure 3 jut of water usage in agriculture, industry and municipal Water availability is projected to keep a decrease for the future (Figure 3). Figure 3 Water availability per capita (UNDP) For a more depressing view, several projections illustrated that about 48 to 60 countries will expect water scarcity by 2050 with at least 2 billion people in peril (UN-Water, 2010) . If the problem with water becomes critical globally, the UK victimization will also be influenced. Water imported to UK are majorly for agriculture products (Appendix 2. 2).The main source of water (virtual water ) in UK comes from imported goods and foods. 5. 2 Demand for CSR trend regimen in response to energy and environmental issues will impose strict regulations on corporate, industries will have more pressures for social responsibilities. Water responsibility should have a much wider-ra nge of measurement and business should embrace a wider set of value to sustain economic growth in the future and prevent incoming water crisis. * Sustainability in future? Figure 4 risk over time associated with corporate water-related interventions. (WWF, 2009) In the time of government intervention and corporate responses to water-related issues and other mega-trends (Demographic shift, economic growth, and climate change), risks of water will decrease to a level that meet intervention level (figure 4). In fact, a sustainability future can be achieved with responsibilities shared for everyone (HMGovernment, 2005) . 6 Opportunity evaluation and justification The growing concern of water scarcity and public interest in social responsibility are two main trends which will impose pressures to both policies makers and businesses.Pioneers with awareness to areas where water issues are near serious can express actual instructions and bias this to competitive advantage (Pegram, Or, & Williams, 2009) . However, in order to make clear alignment between policies, water-based knowledge and corporate interests (shareholder values, profitability, CSR), there will be a porta for corporate water management developed whilst will encourage consultancy services. Water management consultancy service will have two main focuses * Water footprints accounting practices for corporations Supply-chain water management The former will enhance business practices of CSR, assisting in building a green image for company and control, check over efficiently and effectively the water supply-chain while the latter will analysis, appreciate and give advices to where business could improve its water supply chain. Both will be Unique Selling Points in consultant industry which other competitors do not have (auditors, financial advisors, etc). The uniqueness of the service and magnificent quality will be main differentiations to competitors.There are insufficient data about market sh are and demand for consultant services instanter a primary data research would be useful but the scope of this project does not allow. Nevertheless, the market demand are predicted to dramatically increase with the concerns about water-scarcity and social responsibility demand (Or, Cartwight, & Tickner, 2008) . Particularly, UK will require a wide range of knowledge about water supply-chain management. It is indicated via Porters five forces than 5 threats to this industry is considerably low (Appendix 4. 2) which can be explained by its service-nature and knowledge-based gaps.Nevertheless, in the long-term, demand for consultancy services could be decreased. Government regulations and business awareness increase (Barton, 2010) which may reduce water risks thus the need for consultant services will reduce. This will attract to the problem of sustainable profitability and development in the long-term of the business. Furthermore, constitution development will be crucial for consultant service to arrest quality, reliability and effectiveness of the service provided. This is a long-term process which requires a lot of marketing and R&D funding.Another factor needs to be considered is financial side of the business. With undersized capital investment requirement, the investment in business is predicted to be low (estimation of ? 50. 000). With a runty to medium-size opening which operates efficiently, business could have a payback time of 2 to 3 years and IRR rate amount to 10% cost of capital. However, what is critical is knowledge-based values (intangible assets), with the little people who can have water knowledge and corporate business knowledge about CSR and other consultancy areas combined.Training and Learning may be a problem for mid-long term development that business could possibly face. run low but not least, potentially large number of competitors could appear in the future. Demand for this knowledge gap of water will be fill up with concerns about water crisis. IBM has run its program about water rear smarter water management to explore approaches to water management (IBM, 2008) . Master (Msc) division for water management has been introduced as part of education scheme for Unesco-IHI show of water education (UNESCO, 2009) .However this education development could as well turn into advantages when more water-managers are available to reduce bargaining power of suppliers. 7 Conclusion In conclusion, with the water shortage as a predicted trend for humanity in the future and the demand for social responsibilities comes from society in which customers are the direct pressure. It is noticeable for firms and companies to have appropriate response to the problem in a global scale. Therefore, with the demand for water-management knowledge in the future, this would suggest that there is an unexplored field of water-consultant services for consultant industry.The uniqueness of the services provided by corporate w ater management package will be the main competitive advantage for the companies as clients growingly concern for CSR. Low capital investment required, critical knowledge-based resources about water-management will contribute to the business winner rate. However, the reduction in demand for the service in the future and write up requirements will be the major issues that business may have to face in the long-term development. References Barton, B. (2010). Musky water?Corporate reporting on water risk A benchmarking study of 100 companies. Ceres. BBC News. (2008, November 5). Retrieved November 17, 2010, from Growing Slums face water crisis http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7708120. stm Black, R. (2010, April 19). BBC. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from UK water use worsening water crisis http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/8628832. stm Cetron, M. J. , & Davis, O. (2008). 55 trends shaping tomorrows world Forcasts and implications for Business, Government and Consumers. Maryland World f uture society. Chapagain, A. , amp Stuart, O. 2008). UK water footprint the impact of the UKs food and fibre consumption on global water resources. WWF. Surrey WWF. Chris, H. (2005). Doing your Master Dissertation. London Sage Publications. Ercin, A. E. , Aldaya, M. M. , & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2009). A pilot in corporate water footprint accounting and impact assessment The water footprint of a sugar-containing carbonated beverage. Delft UNESCO-IHE Institution for water education. Francis, R. J. , & Wesley, B. C. (1963). Research Methodology in Business (1st ed. ). New York harper y Brothers.Friedman, M. (2007). The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. In Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance (pp. 173-178). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. HMGovernment. (2005). Sercuring the future delivering UK sustainable development policies. Norwich TSO. Hoekstra, A. Y. (2008). Water Neutral Reducing and Offsetting the impacts of water footprints. Delft UNESCO IHE Insti tution for water education. Hoekstra, A. Y. , & Chapagain, A. K. (2008). Globalization of water sharing the planets freshwater resouces. Oxford Blackwell Publishing.IBM. (2008). Smarter Water management. Retrieved January 20, 2010, from IBM http//www. ibm. com/smarterplanet/uk/en/water_management/ideas/index. hypertext markup language? re=sph International Year of Fresh Water 2003. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 22, 2010, from http//www. wateryear2003. org Kirby, A. (2004, October 19). BBC news. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from Water scarcity A looming crisis? http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3747724. stm (2008). Living satellite Report. Gland WWF for a living planet. Longenecker, J. , Moore, C. , Palich, L. , amp Petty, J. (2005).Small business management an entrepreneurial emphasis. (13th, Ed. ) Ohio Thomson South-western. ONS. (2010). Public attitude towards climate change and the Impact of Transport 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (January 2010 report). Office of National Statistic . Or, S. , Cartwight, A. , amp Tickner, D. (2008). Understanding Water Risk A dry land on the consequenses of water scarity for government and business. WWF. Pegram, G. , Or, S. , amp Williams, C. (2009). Investigating Shared Risk in Water Corporate Engagement with Public Policy Process. WWF. Rickman, C. D. (2005).The small Business Start up workbook A step by step guide to starting the business you have dreamed of. Oxford How to Content. Salina, I. (Director). (2008). Flow For the chicane of Water Motion Picture. Saunders, M. , Lewis, P. , amp Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for Business Students (5th ed. ). Essex Peason Education Limited. (2010). Top of Mind Survey. Paris The Consumer Good Forum. UNDP. (n. d. ). United Nation Development Development. Retrieved from http//www. undp. org/ UNESCO. (2009). Education of master in water management. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from UNESCO-ihe http//www. nesco-ihe. org/Education/MSc-Programmes/MSc-in-Water-Management UN-Water. (2 010). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from http//www. unwater. org/ WWF. (2009). Water FootprintingIdentifying and Addressing Water Risks in the look on Chain. WWF. Wylie, I. (2010, January 9th). Jobs of the Future. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from The Guardian http//www. guardian. co. uk/money/2010/jan/09/jobs-of-the-future/print Appendices Appendix 1 Water stress map and Population density 1. 2 Population density in the UK Sources ONS (2003) 1. 2 Water stress in regions of UK Sources ONS (2003)Appendix 2 Water and Water footprint Consist of 3 figures Water footprint in UK, Water footprint versus water scarcity, self-sufficiency and water import dependency. Domestic water consumption in UK 2. 1 Water footprint in UK (extracted from WFN, 2010) Water footprint Water footprint by consumption category fit Per capita Consumption of domestic water Consumption of agricultural goods Consumption of industrial goods Internal water footprint Internal water footprint impertinent water footprin t Internal water footprint External water footprint Measurement m3/cap/yr UK 73. 07 1245 38 218 592 114 284 2. 2. Water footprint versus water scarcity, self-sufficiency and water import dependency per country period 1997-2001 (Extracted from WFN, 2010) Country Total renewable water resources Internal water footprint External water footprint Total water footprint Water scarcity Water self-sufficiency Water import dependency 109 m3/yr 109 m3/yr 109 m3/yr 109 m3/yr % % % UK 147. 00 21. 67 51. 40 73. 07 50 30 70 . 2. 3. Domestic water consumption in UK (source ONS)Appendix 3 Opinion survey on climate changes (ONS, 2010) 3. 1 Percentage considering climate change to be the almost all-important(a)/in top three most important issues facing Britain 3. 2 Attitude to climate change and fashion change for UK residents 3. 3 How concern you are to climate change and environmental impacts Appendix 4 Business Opportunity analysis This part will consist of 3 figures water management f uture PESTEL analysis, water management consultancy market Porters five forces anaylysis, Longeneckers opportunity evalution criteria 4. 1 Water management PESTEL analysis.Corporate water Management Future PESTEL AnalysisPolitical * Privatization of water has been show as a threat to water supply with concerns about politics, pollution, human right to entrance money water and the threat of monopolization of water (Salina, 2008). * Sustainability development policies has been developed since 2005 by UK government (HMGovernment, 2005) which shows concerns of government about future environmental problems * Political issues between parts of the world will indirectly ask the supply of water especially to poor people. Water war as a black swan but actually happened in Bolivia in 2000 (Salina, 2008)Economic * Cost of water will go up as the water supply decrease, unstable supply of water will * Import/export goods will play a major role for water management in the 21st century (Chapa gain amp Stuart, 2008). Water consumption of developed countries outmatched other regions which is a serious misallocation. * Specialization, outsourcing will have major impact on water supply and quality.Agriculture, industry progressively pose interdict effects on water (International Year of Fresh Water 2003) * Businesses increasingly concerns about corporate social responsibilitySocial * Access to freshwater is a growing concern for the society. 1. 2 billion people are suffering from water shortage in 2009 (Living Planet Report, 2008) * Sanitation of water is an apprehension as diseases related to water are increasing. Changing attitude of community about climate change and water shortage in the future will * Water users does not realize the real amount of water they using hence exercise shortage of responsibilities * Drought, water-related epidemic are wild-cardsTechnological * Government outlay on management and water preservation research * New method of calculating virtua l water water footprint * Water preservation practices * Innovations in water allocation, water protection methodsBreakthrough in technology, innovative stripping of water management can be a wild cardEnvironmental * pollution of water reduce availability of water supply for humanity, chemicals from industrial activities cannot be fully absorbed by water lead to many other problems with the ecosystems * Carbon emissions, global change According to UN-Waters reports (2010) Global warming will be the cause of rising salinity level of water, sea level increases by 5 to 88 cm compared to 1990 figures.Consequently, it is revealed that 20% of water scarcity is responsible by climate change. * Water living stocks are reducing as rivers, lakes, other water sources deplete. (Living Planet Report, 2008)Legislation * The right to access fresh and clean water Large non-government organizations (WHO, UN) set up policies and firmness that water is a fundamental source to life and health which people have the right to access regardless economic circumstances. * Control over import/export goods Water footprint regulations on corporations to estimate virtual water 4. 2 Water management consultancy market Porter analysis (Content in the next page) 4. Longeneckers opportunity evaluation criteria (Longenecker, Moore, Palich, amp Petty, 2005) foodstuff factors * The consultancy service will be based on business need to manage water-sources, it must be clear that firms start to realize the important of Water-related CSR. * Technology available (water footprints) but not widely adopted * experience gap (corporate water management, manage water supply chain) Competitive proceeds * The product or service delivered must surpass competitors in some key areas. * Unique service provider Water management for businesses, footprint accounting. * Deliver long-term value in CSR for clients. Economics The financial feasibility of the project and the ability to grow and being profitab le needs to be examined. (Rickman, 2005) * Possibly a very large market (apply for all corporation, organizations, and companies) * Low initial costs, setup costs, flexible. Management Capacity * Low capital requirement, small amount of management requires * Could operate as small business type. * probe of government policies changes, collaboration with resource-protection, environmental organizations (WFN, UN). * Marketing strategy aims for big organizations first then small and medium enterprises. Fatal Flaws * Business perception for CSR will remain limited (another short-term trend) 1 . Corporate social responsibility 2 . Robert Shapiro, CEO of the Monsanto Corporation which is a

Corruption in Judicial Systems Essay

Corruption in judicial systems is threatening the protection of humankind rights, a United Nations independent expert said, urging governments to machine policies to spike the practice of law to combat this practice.The pervasiveness of subversive activity in the judiciary and the efficacious profession, whether one off or endemic, is very worrying because it directly undermines the rule of law and the ability of the judiciary to guarantee the protection of human rights, the superfluous Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul, told the General Assembly while presenting it with her a la mode(p) annual report.A judiciary that is not independent can slowly be corrupted or co-opted by interests other than those of applying the law in a fair and impartial manner, she said. Strengthening the judiciary from within, as intumesce as providing all the safeguards for its independence vis--vis other public officials and private actors, is all-important(a) i n combating and preventing instances of judicial decomposition.Ms. Knaul noted that putridness in the judiciary has the say-so to victimize those that do not have the means to play by the informal rules set by a corrupt system.Corruption in the judiciary discourages people from resorting to the formal justice system, thereby diverting brawl settlements towards informal systems that more than often do not abide by the basic principles of impartiality, fairness, non-discrimination and due process, she said.Mechanisms of accountability, the Special Rapporteur underlined, should be put in business office to investigate acts of corruption and they should be developed with the full participation of the actors concerned.I strongly believe that the existing international principles and standards on human rights and corruption provide adequate guidance on how to tackle judicial corruption while respecting the independence of the justice system and human rights, she said.Ms. Knaul also forceful that judges, prosecutors and lawyers are in a unique position to tackle the wider phenomenon of corruption in other instances of the public and private sectors, and that anti-corruption bodies should be established or developed to effectively assist judicial actors to combat corruption and to implement and strengthen transparency within the public sector.Independent experts, or extra rapporteurs, are appointed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council to examine and report back, in an unpaid capacity, on specific human rights themes.

Creative Writing – Happyness (Partial)

Mother, I can not wait for prepare forthwith At four years old I shouted this with frenzy and glee, wonderful thoughts sprung into my mind and bounced around it like hot air in a balloon. Nothing could burst my bubble and I was determined to unsex a excellent impression on my new and caring teacher. It was my original day at primary school and I was to be introduced into reception. command Campsten, a young and friendly lady took my hand and led me into the contrasted yet curious room. I could see a dozen bambino looking ats gleaming up at me. It was all so inviting and fresh. Only therefore had I realised these were my new classmates. I scanned the room for a interpret mate and saw what I was sure was a sobbing boy. He moaned and groaned in the corner of the room behind a creaking woody door. I shuffled slowly over and plucked up the courage to occupy him Will you play with me? He twisted his head upwards to face me and smiled, I knew this was the start of a friendship w hich would seem to never end.slowly but gradually he started to come out of his shell much talking to me like a shy tortoise. Playing in the full-bodied and spacey sandpit was great. I used to pick up the sand and let it slide through my fingers acting as if it was a gay sieve. Ben copied me and laughed at my stupid thinking in an amused matter. I did not really mind as long as it kept him happy. I was always confused about why he was so chain reactorcast that morning.The curiosity was biting at me like an impatient gnat. Miss Campsten explained, Ben, was slimy home sickness and had also been admitted that morning into school. At this age I did not believe this excuse, how could you be home sick at school? How could you not be excited? I was buzzing like a bee around the classroom collecting worksheets and doing simple errands for Miss Campsten. It was overwhelming, I had no meter to stop and think, learning numbers and the alphabet was challenging enough.Things were silky nicely at school, new friends, great respect from my teacher and about of all a brilliant learning experience. The afternoon unless tho got better We had taken a trip to the school gardens which led down a long, windy path to a greenhouse. The greenhouse was perfectly die and stable with beautiful plants adorning it. The vast space inside was fascinating. Plant pots and dishware lay perfectly around the sides of the greenhouse on clear glaze shelves. Ben and I screamed in delight Delicately we picked an orchid to deliver as a gift to Miss Campsten, our teacher we were surprisingly fond with only after a few hours. The orchid embellished stunning features with its striking proud leaves and its long elegant stem. Perfection to a teeHome time children she said while clapping her hands enthusiastically. Oh no The day had flown by in a flash. Ben and I exchanged grins of cheerful spirit because we had to explore so much more tomorrow.

A Look at Mr. John Oakhurst Essay

Most situations require a leader, kindred the Governor in New Jersey during the recent hurricane. The Governor made choices that he plan would help better the people. Overall the mayor just wanted to value and lead the people of New Jersey. Another example of leadership like what occurred in Jersey was a simple man by the conjure up of hindquarters Oakhurst. John was as well put to the test having to make decisions stressful to help lead and shelter the other people that were with him. In Bret Hartes short story The Outcasts of Poker Flat, John Oakhurst was a respectful valet, a truly unselfish man, and most of all a leader at heart all along.Mr. John Oakhurst was a very respectful gentleman in multiple situations. While the group was making their trek start of the town, John made an odd decision. He had a perfect riding horse name Five Spot and he gave it to the Duchess so she would moderate a better trip. Along the trail leading issue to nowhere Mr. Oakhurst saw a young man he once won money from. He then handed him his money back, pushed him gently from the room, and so made a devoted slave of Tom Simson (Harte 509). This shows that he was act to do be a nice gentleman and do the decent thing.There was plenty of things that John did for the people that showed that he was truly unselfish. When the eubstance of Mother Shipton had been committed to the snow, Mr. Oakhurst took the Innocent aside, and showed him a pair of snowshoes, which he had make from an old pack saddle (Harte 513). This was a deed that probably took a good bit of time a modality from other necessitateed chores. Mr. Oakhurst also knew that he was going to yield and help get the boy out of in that location and that he wouldnt be coming back. Since he knew that he wouldnt be back he went around and got enough firewood to pop off a few days for the Duchess and Piney. He was just laborious to do what any other unselfish and caring man would do to try and help someone.John rea lly made some choices after they watch off on their trip from town, that most people would be to fainthearted to make. When Uncle Billy decided to set off on the horses and leave everyone else to suffer. He ran to the spot where the mules had been tetheredthey were no longer there (Harte 510). Instead of presentment them the truth that he ran, John told them that Billy had just wandered off bivouacking and stampeded the animals. John told them this so that everyone would stay calm and not worry. Mr. Oakhurst also ration out the food supply to make it last as long as possible. John made sure to keep watch other them to protect them. John Oakhurst really was a true leader at heart. many an(prenominal) hardships were faced during the short story The Outcasts of Poker Flat. Most situations need a leader like the people in the story did. John was there to help them in any way he could. Mr. Oakhurst was there to protect and lead the fellow outcasts. John was trying to do the homogene ous thing as the Governor of New Jersey. They were both just trying to do the right thing. Helping the people in any way that they could was there prime concern, no matter if it hurt them in the end.

Counselor Reflection

School counselors are intact team members for any shallow staff. They tending savants make responsible decisions midway enigmas deal with traumatic losses develop a sense of regard for themselves and others and contrive for college, playact, post-secondary train, and lifelong learning. As a school counselor, Nikki Williams has a intrust to put up Miller Elementary school with an effective counseling program. This flummox has allowed her to be more accountable and given her the tools by which to assess the outlay of my program and its services.Her knowledge and skills have been expanded through with(predicate) implementation of this program but, more importantly, the tone has been flummox for who she is as a counselor and where her propensity is to go as she journeys into helping students achieve winner. Leadership Every grounds is made to assert herself as a school leader by demonstrating accountability and sharing pertinent data with students, teachers, parents, ad ministrators and the community. Needs assessments and outcomes from various direction and counseling interventions are shared with staff.Data from these needs assessments are used to set priorities, establish program goals and objectives, and assign activities. Meetings with teachers are ongoing in tack to provide schoolroom guidance activities that meet students academic, career, and personal/social needs. For instance, organism an active member of our school leadership team, SST committee, and regularly attending IEP meetings allows me to provide leadership by being a guiding force in check overing data, and designing and implementing ways to increase students academic performance.During these meetings, I contribute toilsome group facilitation and problem solving skills by keeping discussions focused on what benefits the student and contributing my knowledge of student growth and development. This year she has been an instrumental leader in such things as * Providing staff de velopment training (child mandated reporting, guidance program orientation, etc. ) * Conferencing, collaborating, and consulting with administrators, teachers, parents, students, and other stakeholders * Planning school wide of the mark events (Career Day, Hispanic Heritage Day, Red Ribbon Week, etc. * Developing an consultatory Council * Conducting a school needs assessment * Designing a world-wide school guidance program * Maintaining contact with community organizations (DFCS, Rainbow House, HODAC, etc. ) * Educating parents rough school counseling curriculum Collaboration Collaboration is an essential exposit of her school counseling program. She feels it is vital to collaborate with her staff. They meet regularly to reassessment school data and identify obstacles to higher achievement. Through their collaborative efforts they problem solve and share their craft and knowledge.She feels that this march ons more open staff relationships, promotes collegiality, and allows ever yone to work towards a common goal. For example, she has been working closely with the teacher of the fifth station special pedagogics group. She meets with this teacher regularly to put a plan in action to best meet the academic needs of these students. Her exponentiation in grade level and SST meetings give me the opportunity to partner with teachers, school psychologists, and other resource personnel by collaborating to identify and resolve student problems by designing the most appropriate and innovative program or instructional modifications.Advocacy To be seen as an suggest for all students is important to her for she is an advocate in numerous ways for students, particularly with regard to behavior, motivation, and achievement. Through collaborative efforts with her schools leadership team, she advocates for all students by providing support to encourage them to obtain the best possible education. Additionally, data gathered from delivery of classroom guidance lessons is used to share with teachers and administrators, which seems to encourage a more substantiative mindset for achievement and success for all students.Systemic Change Systemic transform is an essential part of school reform. Ms. Williams feels that she presents herself as a leader in general alternate by delivering to all students an ASCA National Model chopine that is aligned with state standards for academic personal/social, and career development. This effort is promoted through collaborative efforts with staff members as they assess and analyze data and review areas of concern. This year, she has come aboard the MES team to implement new ways to help students excel in all reas. She examines the risk factors, but also the strengths and authorization that children bring to the counseling relationship. Consequently, this year Ms. Williams is playing an integral part of systemic change by working with her fifth grade special education students in an effort to close the achievemen t gap. The students failed the math portion of the CRCT essay and through their schools collaborative efforts they hope to build success in these students.Furthermore, through implementation of the National Model Program, Ms. Williams brings about change in my school by being an exemplary counselor representing the intact school community in an effort to eliminate barriers to student achievement. Her cargo to the process of change puts her in a position to effectively do as a catalyst in students lives and serve as a change agent in the school community.

Help Wanted – How the Un Failed in Rwanda

Help Wanted World Politics POLS*1500 Word Count 1,562 snatch This paper aims to questions the get together Nations ability to create and maintain heartsease inside a country. This paper will examine the extent of action that the UN commits when a solid ground encounters internal date. Looking at the Rwanda genocide, the paper concludes that the UN is inefficient at creating and building recreation. Help Wanted During the twentieth century the world entered into a new sphere of global relations. New technology which guide to armed services advancements evoked countries to act out wars that were unprecedented in past generations.When their was conflict between nations, it became easier to ca call destruction towards the another(prenominal) nation beca habit of new ripe(p) technology, and in that respectfore the brutality of war was far worse. After World struggle II, which many call the most horrific war of the century, 51 countries came unneurotic and formed the get tog ether Nations in 1945. This makeup set standards for morality so that the world would not buzz off to experience the alike brutality that they had set about during World War II. It encouraged cooperation and peace between countries. Henry Cabot gravel Jr. former American ambassador once said that,the primary, the fundamental, the inbred purpose of the get together Nations is to keep peace. Everything it does which helps prevent World War third is good. Everything which does not gain that goal, either directly or indirectly, is at scoop up superfluous. 1 The fall in Nations was an organization whos principle was to create an international center of understanding and cooperation. Although this was a lapse goal, this was a difficult lying-in for the UN because it involved so many different states and actors.The Rwanda Genocide is an example of the join Nations inability to fulfill its goal. In the early 1990s, the nation of Rwanda faced a ruthless internal conflict betwee n two races, the Tutsis and the Hutus. Although these two races had the same religion, culture, and language, they saw themselves as different because of past colonial influences that had ensued this society for decades. 2 Although mass killing were taking place in Rwanda, the UN did not interfere to the extent that was demanded.The United Nations unclear peacekeeping tactics, miss of resources, and unwillingness to use array unit during the 1994 Rwanda Genocide led to the murder of over 800, 000 Rwandans and evoked dis study towards the organization that promised peace. The unfolding events of the Rwanda Conflict had much to do with the hatred that Tutsis and Hutus matt-up for one another. It was viewed by many as a genocide, but the protective covering Council of the United Nations had much hesitation accepting that conclusion.In the Charter of the United Nations, it states in Chapter I, Article 2 that, nothing contained in the present Charter shall turn over the United Na tions to interpose in matters which are essentially within the municipal jurisdiction of any state3. The UN believed that within a nation, the government should visit its sedentary conflicts and the organization should not intervene with such matters. However, promoting and encouraging note for human rights and fundamental freedoms is the UNs main goal, and therefore the organization should intervene in internal conflicts if they believe these rights are being denied.This unclear form caused the UN to make decisions about intervening in the Rwanda conflict for it depended on the background opinions of the Security Council instead of decisions based on facts4. Because the definition of genocide could not be construed to an individual conflict, it was up to the Security Council and there underlying goals to serve to a decision. As thousands of people were being murdered based on their race, the UN unclear peacekeeping regulations held the organization back from acting. This was also seen when Mr.Waly Bacre Ndiaye, a free pardon international representative, reported to the UN recommending a series of steps to prevent further massacres but the report seemed to be largely ignored by the see actors within the United Nations5. By not taking into consideration the opinions of at first hand witnesses of the genocide, the UN disregarded its duty to protect and build peace within this nation. These unaccountable peacekeeping tactics caused the organization to fail in their peaceful pursuits and last led to the death of thousands. Without taking into onsideration Rwandas cultural instability and their assume for endorse, the United Nations was therefore unsuccessful. As the conflict in Rwanda continued to make to a critical state, the UN did not seem to have the resources needed to desolate and keep the peace within the country. This has to do with the economic expense of peacekeeping. It is believe that the projected cost of peacekeeping rose from some US $600 meg in 1991 to an forecastd US $2. 3 billion for 19936. States were unwilling to contribute much to the UN because they had other concerns that were higher in national interest.The United Nations had to ration the support they gave to each cause and therefore the demanded assistance in a nation could not always be met. When the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was plan their second phase of their mission to create peace, there was no estimate of the date of further deployment because the necessary additional resources had not been made unattached7. Without the proper materials and supplies available to the United Nations, the organizations power to act was limited because of the lack of resources.It is believed that, the predicament of the United Nations is the mismatch of large responsibilities and few powers to fulfill them8 This problem was seen in Rwanda Genocide. The United Nations had so many responsibilities to the world, and yet, the major act ors in this organization did not know how to allocate their assistance. The UNs lack of resources caused a halt in their ability to neutralize the conflict in Rwanda which allowed the massacres to continue, thus, the organization ultimately failed in its peacekeeping pursuits.The United Nations inability to secure peace in Rwanda had much to do with the organizations unwillingness to use military force. When discussing the Rwanda Conflict, the Canadian Forces stated that, in order to prevent or suppress the aversion of genocide, the necessary international military will should have been marshaled and mobilized9. Although the UN does not drive the use of military force, and have many steps of peacekeeping in the first place employing this option, the brutality of the Rwanda Genocide could not have been resolved by bureau of negotiation.This was seen through the failure of The Arusha Accord. Although all the parties in Rwanda had signed this peace agreement, the negotiations creat ed freshness and violence between the two groups of people which escalated the conflict10. During the UNs decisions about the conflict, there seemed to be a overriding consideration to avoid entering into a course of action that might lead to the use of force and unanticipated repercussions11. The UN was unwilling to send troops into Rwanda because of the unforeseen violence that was taking place.The margin call for help was tremendous, however, the conflicts escalating tension and violence caused the organization to constrict its obligation to this cause. Once the United Nations created a plan of action to be implemented in Rwanda, the size of force was far to small to go through the assigned mandate within the increasingly tense conditions12. Though the United Nations was contributing to creating peace, it lacked the force that was needed. Lieutenant-General-0 Dallaire sent UN Headquarters a draft of Rules of affair pecifically allowing the mission to act, and even to use for ce, in response to crimes against humanity and other abuses13 Headquarters, however, never responded. The fear of the repercussions and losses due to implementing military force in Rwanda caused the violence to continue. Peace could only be implemented in Rwanda if the United Nations used military forces as power. Karl Maier a German condition stated that, in Rwanda, one persons God is another persons Satan14. The peace needed in the nation would only be achieved by use force and commanding the violence to stop.The UNs unwillingness to leave the military forces that were demanded allowed the Rwanda massacres to continue and therefore illustrates the United Nations failure during this conflict. The United Nations failure to put to cash in ones chips peace to Rwanda was due to the organizations unclear peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources and unwillingness to use military force. This conflict caused many deaths that could have been avoided if the UN had implemented the proper plans and created clear, coherent tactics.Although the events are tragic, the United Nations had much to learn, and many adjustments needed to make in applying peace in the future15. The former Secretariat of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, has given mankind apologizes and leading actors in the Security Council including former American president eyeshade Clinton, have expressed their regret to act during the Rwanda genocide. The UN has conducted inquiries to try to understand how a conflict of this magnitude could occur without the United Nations having the ability to neutralize the situation. By understanding the causes, the hope is that history will not repeat itself.The United Nations has taken responsibility for their failure to provide peace within Rwanda. This has led to the organizations credibility to grow in recent years through their work internationally to help build and keep the peace. Although the United Nations did not provide peace in Rwanda, they have had a treme ndous affect on the cooperation between different countries. If this international organization can create clear procedures of how to deal with, and when to intervene in internal problems, the United Nations will have more success in their pursuits. Footnotes 1. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Quotes, approximate Exist, November 2, 2011, http//thinkexist. com/quotation/the_primary-the_fundamental-the_essential_purpose/344191. html 2. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict Its Roots and Regional Implications indorsement Edition, (Kampala, Uganda outflow Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 3-4. 3. Purpose and Principles, in The Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the internationalistic motor inn of Justice, ed, United Nations (San Francisco, 1945) 3. 4. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide The United Nations and Rwanda, (New York Cornell University Press, 2003), 2. . United Nations, Rwanda Genocide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 7. 6. Neil Riemer, International Peace and Security The Cost of Waging Peace, (USA Praeger Publishers, 2000) 63. 7. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security a Challenge to be Met, sec Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing convocation Inc. , 2003) 75. 8. Mariano Aguirre, Power and Paradox in the United Nations, in Open Democracy (November 2006) accessed October 31, 2011 www. pendemocracy. net/globalization-institutions_government/un_paradox_4073. jsp-1 9. Learning From the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, National confession and the Canadian Forces, November 6, 2011, http//www. journal. dnd. ca/vo6/no2/human-humain-eng. asp 10. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict Its Roots and Regional Implications sec Edition, (Kampala, Uganda Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 27-30. 11. United Nations, Rwanda Genocide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 11. 12. James S.Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 74. 13. United Nations, Rwanda Genocide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 9. 14. Karl Maier, Into the class of the Ancestors Inside the New Africa, (San FranciscoJohn Wiley, 1998), 273. 15. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 77.

Journal Entry African American

Journal Entry of a Subordinate Group portion June 18th, 1963 Hello my precious unborn child. I am not real sure w present to begin. The doctor is saying that I might not betray it through this pregnancy but they will study sure you watch to see this crazy world that we live in. I want to make sure that you infrastand your history and whither you come from What a journey our family has been through. They depend qualified dont make it easy for an Afri privy American Family. hither we are and we rich person struggled on the nose to make it here(predicate) to the Deep South.We colonised here in Ole Miss just like lots of some other black folks and you would think that after they freed us from slavery they could just leave us be. I guess I should tell you a little about who we are and what we contribute been through so you confound a clearer understanding. Well it started when we got here. Brought over on ships, our family was slaves to the white folk unspoiledly here in Mississippi. There have al agencys been stories t overaged. Why, I consider when I was a little lady friend my grandma telling us the story of Nat Turner. (1998) He went on a rebellion right here in the South. He was on a mission fighting for what he believed in.He may not have g superstar about it the right way but he fought until his d eliminateh on October 30, 1831. After that it seemed to be one person after the next until fin on the wholey Abraham Lincoln issued the license Proclamation. This was issued in 1863. (1998)This was a valiant attempt at freeing the slaves here in the United States but it techni namey only freed slaves in the states that were under the jurisdiction of the Confederacy. You would think that would make things better. Nope There was a 12 course of instruction period after that that they worked hard on trying to make things average for us.Your great-great-grandma was around through the reconciliation period. She said that we were finally awarded citize nship and in 1870 an amendment went in that stated you could not deny us the right to vote beca call of our turn tail. (1998) My great-Grandma told us that just when things started looking upIt got worse. The Democrats came in and changed everything. They started doing every thing that they could to seat us back to having no rights. But we as a race stayed as strong as we could. What you have to remember is that making our way in this world has been and remains a consistent struggle.We made gross profit though A young lady buy the name of Sophia Packard and Harriet Giles were able to establish a college for the Negros as the white folk like to predict us. This was the first college for African American females. Spelman Colleges goal at the while was merely to teach black women to read and write. And that they have done. But here I sit in 1963. A 33 year old female who isnt sure what is going to be in her future. They call us free. I have to ask myself daily though, Am I really free? I conceive we have separate schools. We eat in separate restaurants. 2010) They give us totally different bathrooms to use and all this is because of the color of my skin. I look at this world and I think to myself, I put my clothes on the exact like way as everyone else. Should the color of our skin really make things so much different for us? Every single day we have leaders out there fighting for what is fair and what is right. Take Martin Luther superpower for instance. (2007) He is on a mission. He is part of a convention called the SCLC. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) He has made major st riles.I mean in Montgomery Alabama the black folks get to ride on the same buses with the same rights as the white folks. I can only hope that by the time that you grow up and are able to read and understand all this that you look at all this and have a hard time believing it. As I sit here and write to you and I look across the pathway of this tiny little home I live in I see the neighbors and in their front yard is a cross that psyche has lit on fire. Why, because today he walked a white girl to school. Rumors started and now everyone knows that this little girl likes him.Yet he is being penalise for it. It shouldnt matter. If there is one thing that you need to know and one thing that I can teach you through this letter it is to be you. Know yourself. Never let anyone tell you that you can not do something. Most importantly, remember that loves has no boundaries. It sees no color. It does not understand hate. It does not segregate nor does it discriminate. I hope that you never have to endure the hardships that we have to endure during these trying times. Always remember to live with no decline and never look back I love you with all my heart-mammy Works Citied Page African American Slavery (1998) Long Island University Retrieved from http//www. liu. edu/cwis/CWP/ subroutine library/aaslavry. htmturner Timeline Search for African American History (2010) Google Search engine http//www. google. com/search? q=african+american+history&hl=en&sa=X&tbo=p&tbs=tl1,tll1850,tlh1899&ei=lrPUS9avLoK78gbfpL3qDw&oi=timeline_histogram_nav&ct=timeline-histogram&cd=8&ved=0CIcBEMkBKAg History of African Americans Information Please Database. (2007) Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from http//www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html

Hantavirus: National Park Service and Popular Camping Site

Hantavirus It seems that the there has been an bang of a rare, deadly virus called the Hantavirus in Yosemite depicted object Park. According to the article, there has been an outbreak of hantavirus infections in Curry Village, a touristy camping site in Yosemite, and that two people have already died from it. However, this isnt the first time the hantavirus has paste. In 1993, the virus had been first discover when a terrifying outbreak unfolded in the Four Corners Area of Colorado, youthful Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.The fatality rate was incredibly high vote downing or so half(a) the people it infected. But, what exactly is the Hantavirus? The Hantavirus causes a disease called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which can kill an infected within just 10 days. Researchers have learned that the hantavirus is spread by the wastes and saliva of deer mice, whose population in Yosemite is bigger than wonted(prenominal) this year.Over the 20 years since the virus has been discovered, experts have been able to learn to a greater extent about the disease thus making them better at parsimony lives, but not that much better. Currently, there is no official cure. With that world said, I confide that this article was published to alert people about the hantavirus. Its obvious that the hantavirus is extremely fatal and sneaky, for its symptoms are similar to those of upright illnesses. People need to be notified to be cautious of their health.It might be in Yosemite for now, but modern technology gives us humans the world power to travel great distances. Although there has been a recent outbreak, I do not think the hantavirus is or will ever be an epidemic. This is because I think that us humans are more than capable to bump the spread of this virus. I remember reading about the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak that originated in China a couple of years ago. The CDC and the World wellness Organization were immediately put into action as soon as it was found to have hit North America.Flights were grounded, travel within borders was locked, and however around 40 people died in the entire continent. Also, I believe that this is the way we can fix this problem, almost like how they fixed the SARS outbreak. We should restrict travel to and from Yosemite so that the spread radius is minimized. Then, we should thoroughly turn over the virus and develop a cure. Unlike SARS, the cause of hantavirus infections is no prolonged a mystery. I believe that experts can cure the virus in just a few weeks if this is process is followed.

Japan or China the Most Important Strategic Relationship for Australia Among the Major Asian Powers?

Is lacquer or main bolt down mainland mainland mainland mainland China the to the highest degree authorized strategicalal transactionhip for Australia among the study(ip) Asian powers? By Mej Amran B Mohamad RMAF Malaysian Armed Forces Defence College Haigate Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 12 Nov 2009 Author can be contacted at emailprotected com. au Introduction Australias credentials and place in without delay orbiculate system is sooner crucial which influence greatly her king to position and weeulating herself strategic eachy in the world(pre nary(prenominal)prenominal)einal) scenario especially in the Asia Pacific domain.As a nation with global touchs, Australia deals with many countries in many component parts and one of them is in Asian region. Australia doubtless and substantially engages hers interests in a entire range of aspects within the framework of the countries within this Asian region. Among the countries which ar influential in constitution Austr alias strategic and refutation indemnity within the Asia Pacific ring be China, japan and South Korea, spousal birth Korea and Association of South eastward Asian Nations (ASEAN) block countries.On the an early(a)(prenominal) hand pregnant Australian interests ar also engaged in Australias kins with the some other tells much(prenominal) as the European Union and its constituent states, and in the South Pacific, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. However the emerging of China and the influence of lacquerese among the study power and largest economies of the Asia-Pacific region has considerably demasculinize the region constancy lately.Many new factors and balancing pointers film emerged and its impacts can non be ignored in shaping Australia strategic kinship and its organic development of falsification constitution. Consequently new form of challenges cod emerged such(prenominal) as wedlock Korea nuclear proliferation issues and overlapping cl drawed territ ory in the South China sea to mention a few. As such advertently Australia motivatings to return and review back its strategic relationship between the so called major powers in Asia region like China and lacquer in ramble to look into its utile implementation of strategic milieu.Australia ingrainedly bring to ensure its protection, trading, investment, scotch, social postners towards the region occur to uphold and be beneficial to Australia in order to put out sustain and hold its combative advantage. Aim The aim of this paper is to examine and to look into some critical aspects of Australia strategic and defence reaction planning policy framework imperatives in order to decide whether China or lacquer is the most bitant strategic relationship for Australia among the major Asian powers. Australia Inter field dealingsIn its worldwide relations arena, Australia utilizes its assets such as scotch, strategic and cultural to uphold its global reputation as a res ponsible, constructive and practical field. It can be seen that the values which Australia brings to its multinational relations presently are the values of a liberal republic greatly influence by her American ally. Australia global politics undoubtedly give way been shaped by national experience and given brawn through with(predicate) cultural diversity of the country itself.Some of the Copernican imperatives embroil the rule of law, the account cogency of the government to an elected parliament, freedom of the press and a commitment to a fair go. Australia ranks eleventh in the demesne in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. For comparison, Australias main exporting destinations1, 2008 to Japan was 22. 7% 1 and China 15. 6% respectively. Australias main import sources, 2008 China 14. 6% and from Japan 9%. Australias self-renunciation potency is seem to be in truth(prenominal) significant in regional terms.Australia also has a broadly based trammel relat ionship with the United States, whose strategic betrothal and commitment underwrite the stability of eastward Asia as a integral. Australia Strategic Environment According Senator the Hon Robert Hill curate for falsification2 in 2005, he stressed out that providing the susceptibility to def death Australia and Australian interests persist ins the commencement responsibility of ruling government. Now lets us look into Australia strategic environment before discussing in depth by delineates the impact of globalization in relation to its strategic perspective.The Impact of globalization The world is undeniably experiencing arduous and rapid change. While the international world system is dynamic, globalization is accelerating the military campaign of ideas and technologies and advertently exposing Australia to a new strategic environment framework such as increase the interdependency between countries and made borders much porous, increased of the potency of the terrorist scourge, increase the daedality of the potential danger of WMD proliferation3.Globalisation has accelerated the trends which have a significant impact on credential policy matters, defense mechanism capability and decision-making due to increased unpredictability and misgiving the technology revolution has led to a diffusion of technology at a faster tempo, oddly in the areas of information and communications animated of asymmetric threats such as act of terrorism or WMD have reduced the value of defenses built around geographic advantage non-state players quite very much in some circumstances, constitute a strategic threat such as new form of transnational terrorist organisations, with no state allegiance and new types of weapons and tactics and borders as warrantor barriers are now much less effective to mention a few4. The interconnectedness of globalisation profoundly have widen and intensify their impacts.Defense Policy In general, Australias defense policy respons e to this environment comp put ons of two major elements5. The first is to shape and build a defense capability that is assorted and adaptable. Australia has and impart slip by to build a force that is joint, balanced, networked and deployable. Such a force hand overs options for a credible response wherever Australias protective covering interests are engaged. Secondly is to build strong security department relationships both globally and regionally. It must be able to lead and have the capacity to append to coalitions in region of interest such as the Asia region as per say. Australias trade protection InterestsAsia Pacific global issues have significant security implications for Australia. Generally the risk of global conflict diminished considerably with the end of the cool War, however other potential threats remain. Conflicts in Europe, the Middle atomic number 99 and South Asia regions have the potential to disrupt global security. To address this Australia need to f orm a strategic partnership with many countries in her global political engagements and of course within Asia Pacific Ring, Japan and China are the most important priority among the Asia regional major powers. Australias national security and its economic interests are i closericably linked to the security and stability of the Asia Pacific region.It can be seen that the key components of Australias security schema are maintaining a strong national defense capability, the security alliance with the United States, developing bilaterally symmetric defense and security relationships with the countries throughout the Asia Pacific, and change multilateral security links in the region, especially with the ASEAN Regional assembly (ARF). As such by continuously fostering strategic relationship with China and Japan are paramount. Regular bilateral security dialogues with countries in the Asia Pacific, and with key partners beyond the region, provide an opportunity to share views on a wide range of regional and global security issues, provoke foil and reinforce Australias commitment to working cooperatively with regional countries on security issues. Australia has increased the number of countries with which it has such dialogues, as part of its long-term strategy of promoting shared security perceptions in the Asia Pacific region.The ARF for example is an important means of encouraging a sense of strategic community in the region. It complements the central authority of bilateral links in dealing with global and regional security issues, and has an important role in encouraging regional encourage for international regimes against the proliferation of weapons of mass decease and their missile delivery systems. oneness of the features of the ARF in 2000 was the participation for the first cadence of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK). On the other hand Australia sees Japan as a strong proponent and strongly supports ASEAN countries economic growth by providing fiscal aids and assistance in terms of Official Development back up (ODA) for instance.Subsequently, Australia on the other hand has been very much part of the member of proveing to engage the DPRK more constructively with the regional and international community, including through an exchange of high-level visits. Australia announced the re-establishment of diplomatic relations with the DPRK in may 2000. Australia has made a major contribution to the significant progress in establishing international regimes to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and of missiles. Australias future reasons give be concentrated on ensuring that these regimes are implemented and remain effective and, where necessary, are strengthened.Australia is a strong proponent of encouraging adherence to the international regime banning the give, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel landmines. Australia is committed and relentlessly to don p ractical measures such as landmine clearance, victim assistance and mine clearance technology programs. So after looking inside the Australia needs, now lets us see what has China and Japan share in common and in what ways Australia can benefit more and have the edge by associating herself with the two countries strategically from my perspectives. One thing for sure is that Australia strategic relationships in the Asian region are becoming more complex and hold back to evolve. ChinaChinas increase political and strategic engagement with the Asia-Pacific region with its emerging economic profoundly has many significant impacts on the global economy as well as within the Asia region. Its increasing demand for resources is driving China expansion of economic activity culture in the Asia-Pacific region and also emerging as a significant technological centre for region. Hence, Chinas importance to Australia grows along with this development accordingly and it cannot be completely ig nored. Undoubtedly Australia sees Chinas relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region are critically important to the maintenance of regional peace, security and stability.According to Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007)6, Australias strategic responses would include Chinas relationship with East Asia, placing strong emphasis on the Korean Peninsula. In particular, Chinas relations with Japan and the United States play another zippy role in shaping the security context for the entire region. It is in Australias national interest alive(p)ly to encourage and support Chinese participation in dialogue and cooperation on regional security issues. As for example during 2000-01 the exchange of high-level visits started by the visit of Chinese prexy Jiang Zemin to Australia in late 1999 continued, with six Australian ministers and the Deputy Prime look visiting China.The investment and trading relationship between Australia and China is very encouraging and expanding. China today is Austra lias third largest merchandise trade partner. New opportunities for Australia are wide open when Chinas was current entry into the WTO, both in terms of greater market vex for Australian goods and services. Thus by encouraging China to integrate elevate into the global economy and abide by international trade rules, the role China played in advocating regional stability frame more pronounce.. Mutual economic and trade interests are increasingly underpinned by the fortify of broader bilateral ties including cultural, educational, scientific and people-to-people links.With different cultures and traditions, Australia and China do not perpetually share the same view, but regular dialogue and government-to-government exchanges have been set up on a range of issues from mankind rights to security issues in a bid to discuss differences of scene. The one-China policy will continue to be a wakeless element of the bilateral relationship within which Australia pursues important ec onomic and trade interests with Taiwan. The size, competitiveness and pace of growth of the Chinese economy will continue to be a dynamic influence on other Asia-Pacific economies. Hence its strategic influence will continue to grow and need to be carefully weighted by Australia in planning her defense policy in the region. Japan On the other hand Japan arms of influence cannot be simply being ignored.It must not be forgotten and by reminiscing on the past history of the qualification of Japanese expansion and World War II (WW II) and the remarkable effort of its quick phase to recover and become a developed country later to become the giant world economy just next to United States need not to be considered lightly. As such undoubtedly Japan occupies a alert strategic position in north-east Asia and continues to play a primary economic and political role in Asia Pacific immediate region. So, realizing this, Australia relentlessly works hard to encourage and continue endlessly for close dialogue with Japan on a wide range of political, economic, and strategic issues and the development, to the extent possible, of policies which are mutually reinforcing. Japan continues to be Australias major trading partner, accounting for some 16% by value of our total trade (exports plus imports) in 2000. It is a significant investor inAustralia and our largest source of in-bound tourism. The Japanese Government is taking more active role in regional and global security. It remain active in the war on terrorism. Japan increased its commitment to other part of the world such as Iraq, both financially and through the deployment of elements of the Japanese Self-Defense Force in non-combat roles. The Japanese Self-Defense contributions to peacekeeping effort are quite positive. On the other hand the strategic relationship with the United States continues to develop through increased interoperability, harmonization of Japanese and US capabilities and cooperation in missile def ense.Australias partnership with Japan reflects the broad conjugation of Australian and Japanese strategic, political and economic interests in the Asia-Pacific region. Like Australia, Japan supports the long-term strategic engagement of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region and recognizes the fundamental contribution that it makes to regional stability. Japan also shares our interest in advance the APEC forum as the primary vehicle for economic cooperation in the Asia Pacific region. The Australia-Japan Conference for the 21st Century was held in Sydney on 29 and 30 April 2001 to chart new directions strategic, economic, cultural, educational and scientific for the relationship.The Conference Declaration, The Sydney Declaration for Australia-Japan original Partnership, set out a comprehensive action schedule to strengthen economic relations, including through a trade and investment facilitation balance to expand dialogue and cooperation on security and to increase peo ple-to-people links. The Prime Ministers visit to Japan in August 2001 built farther on these links. The Factors Shaping Its Development and the Challenges to Be Met To Ensure Its Effective Implementation. In today dynamic environment more quite often the chastisement of existing international institutions to provide confidence in collective security arrangements has prompted an increasing resort to coalitions-of-the-willing to resolve issues of common concern. As such anticipating and encounter hallenges to Australias security trunk a demanding task. Some of the crucial factors shaping Australia defense planning in general include the war on terrorism, proliferation of nuclear weapons and weapon of mass destruction The war on terrorism continues unabated on many fronts. Successive terrorist attacks in NewYork, Washington, Jakarta, Bali, Madrid, London and elsewhere since 2001 have demonstrate clearly that no country is immune from experiencing the drubbing and horrors of non s tate actor such international terrorism. The threat of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has yet to be defeated as some states still seek to acquire a nuclear weapons capability.Longstanding issues, including those relating to the Middle East, North Korea, Iran and Taiwan, remain the subject of international tension. Many countries, including in the Asia-Pacific region, continue to struggle to realize the conditions they need for stable economic and political development. Issues of economic downturn, human trafficking, human migration, drugs smuggling, environmental issues, overlapping claimed, boundary disputes are among current issues that need to be emphasize and handle diplomatically and strategically. These imperatives are among many challenges faced by Australia. Analyse the Strengths and Limitations on Current Australian PolicyAustralia employs its defence capability as the most potent of the range of instruments in order to promote and support its security intere sts. Among Australia strength include having a formidable Australian Defence Forces (ADF) which is able to meet all these policy and strategic needs. The ADF is surefooted of operating as a networked, joint force across information, air, land and maritime domains. It also has the capability to operate in environments that are complex and ambiguous, and where adversaries, including non-state adversaries, have increasingly lethal capabilities. Through continuing modernization, it needs to keep capability edge over potential rivals by having the elements of versatility7. robustness8, jointness9 and integration10.At all times it must maintain high levels of preparedness as demonstrated by ADF personnel whom have been deployed in many trading operations, including those in East Timor, Bougainville, Afghanistan, the Middle East and Iraq, the Solomon Islands, and the Sudan to mention a few. Several of these operations have been concurrent. On the other hand, there have been continuing b order security tasks, natural disaster relief operations and contributions to long-running UN peacekeeping or peace-monitoring operations in the Sinai and elsewhere in the Middle East. Other role includes sustenance domestic security operations such as those for the Olympic Games and the democracy Heads of Government Meeting. Some of the constraints include growing cost pressures on the defense budget.This consequently affects the rising cost of state of the art military equipment, particularly capabilities essential for the ADFs capacity to develop and operate as a superior networked force. The other aspects is the recruitment and retention of an evermore technically qualified force amidst of a strong and growing economy, will surely become more challenging Thirdly is to ensure the most efficient use of resources posses a significant challenge to the ADF. Australia Strategic Alliance Priority to Chinese or Japan Australia security accord with Japan has been greeted with much st rife over Australias actions and intentions of containing China.These two Asian major powers have brought back the shadows of Cold War language of fundamental power relations and strategic arguing within the Asia region. However rivalry could be restricted to peaceful economic competition for economic resources. According to Jieh-Yung Lo11 (2007) China and Japan produce an environment of bi-polar Asia and putting Australia with the dilemma of balancing its national interests in the face of this strategic competition. All this while Japan has become a long time trusted partners in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan and Australia share a common interest in regional stability and prosperity. And today, Australia and Japan enjoy one of the most significant economic and strategic partnerships in Asia.As can be seen in July 2003 besides the latest security accord, Australia and Japan concluded a Trade and Economic Framework to set directions for the future development of the bilateral trade relationship. On the contrary Australia recognizes that both China and Japan are important to its foreign policy and defense policy in the region and shares a growing and thriving relationship with China and on the other side of the coin have a stable relationship with Japan. Australia is very clear where its interests lie and tends to see economics and security as give away issues. It welcomes Chinas growth, but cerebrates that Japan and the United States should remain influential players in regional affairs. 12 Conclusion From the discussion above it can be seen that it is essential for Australia to form up a formidable defense planning which must provide for both the needs of the present and the possibilities of the future into the uncharted territory. In my opinion thus Australia strategic alliance with Japan is most crucial and prioritized correspond to with China. It is based on many elements of shared values and interests between Japan and Australia. I cogently believed th e relationship will still remain the cornerstone of Australia strategic partnership in order to foster and enhance further regional security and stability in the Asian region.Bear in disposition that a countrys effectiveness and influence in international affairs is determined by a combination of tangible and intangible asset factors including its reputation, its geographic size and population, the size and success of its economy, its strategic culture and its defense capability. I can foresee that Australia will continue to work to support the Asia-Pacific region in addressing threats of terrorism, weapons proliferation and the challenge of failing states. In an ever more inter-related world, threats to our neighbours are threats to us among which include the threat of proliferation of WMD within the region and in supporting fragile and vulnerable states.Whether fighting terrorism, piracy, transnational crime, international drug syndicates or people smugglers, effective defense p olicy remains a key tool of the Australian Government. As such it is importantly and uniquely for Australia to form up a smart partnership and strategic alliance with another countries in this case among one of the major powers in Asia region the most important is Japan if compare to China. In grammatical construction war fighting capacity to respond to possible future threats, undoubtedly the right defense policy framework will still remains the primary instrument of the Australian Government and will therefore continue to have a central role to play in defend and assuring Australias national goals of a peaceful, stable and increasingly light region.However China as an emerging economic power with it celebrated of its military might of course also play a vital role in destabilize the East Asian region and have great influence on the North Koreas and its proliferation nuclear issues cannot be totally ignored. I strongly believe that that a good ongoing relationship with Austral ia-China is still very useful and Australia need to diligently and willingly maintain a role in influencing China to a certain extent. on that point is evident in Australias growing economic and political relationship with China in terms of trade and regional affairs. 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RSIS Commentaries, 24 April 09 http//www3. ntu. edu. sg/rsis/publications/Perspective/RS IS0402009. pdf Australias bilateral relationships can be found at http//www. dfat. gov. au/geo/fs peculiar(prenominal) trade and investment information see http//www. dfat. gov. au/ And http//www. tradewatch. dfat. gov. au East Asian Analytical Unit http//www. dfat. gov. u/publications/catalogue/pub_bycountry. html DFAT statistical publications see http//www. dfat. gov. au/publications/index. html Australias international treaty commitments http//www. austlii. edu. au/au/other/dfat Australias human rights policy e http//www. dfat. gov. au/hr Australias international environmental activities http//www. dfat. gov. au/environment Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), http//www. ausaid. gov. au. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, http//www. aciar. gov. au Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation Office, http//www. asno. dfat. gov. au Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), http//www. austrade. ov. au merchandise Finance and Insurance Corp oration (EFIC), http//www. efic. gov. au/ 1 Fact Sheet, Market selective information and Research Section, DFAT, http//www. dfat. gov. au/geo/fs (dated 4 Sept 09) 2 Australias National Security, A Defence Update 2005, Australia Department Of Defense , pp. v 3 Ibid pp. 5 4 Ibid pp. 2-4 5 Ibid pp 12 6 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? go out 4 Dec 2007 7 Versatility represents the capacity to perform a range of different roles, often concurrently. Australias National Security, A Defense Update 2005, Australia Department Of Defense pp. 9 8 Robustness is indicated by depth in resources and personnel and is an essential quality if the ADF is to retain the ability to sustain operations for lengthy periods. Ibid pp. 20 9 Jointnes refers to responds to the challenge of ensuring that all service elements operate together in ways that make a truly joint force. Ibid pp. 20 10 Integration represents the ability to network weapons platforms and capabil ities to strengthen their effectiveness as part of a whole force. Ibid pp. 20 11 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? Dated 4 Dec 2007. 12 Jieh-Yung Lo, (2007), Article on China v Japan implications for Australia? Dated 4 Dec 2007